Sanz-Gómez Sergio, Alacreu-Crespo Adrián, Fructuoso Ana, Perea-González María Isabel, Guija Julio Antonio, Giner Lucas
Department of Psychiatry, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain.
Corresponding author: Sergio Sanz-Gómez, MSc, Departamento de Psiquiatría, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Sevilla, Avda Sánchez Pizjuán S/N, 41009 Sevilla, Spain (
J Clin Psychiatry. 2023 Apr 17;84(3):22m14601. doi: 10.4088/JCP.22m14601.
The aim of this study was to examine suicide rates in Spain during the COVID-19 pandemic and the influenza pandemic of 1918-1920. Data on deaths by cause for the periods 1910-1925 and 2016-2020 were obtained from the National Statistics Institute of Spain. During the Spanish influenza pandemic, a peak of deaths in 1918 due to influenza, acute bronchitis, pneumonia, and other respiratory diseases coincided with an increase in suicides (from 5.9 in 1917 to 6.6 per 100,000 population in 1918). The pattern was repeated in the COVID-19 pandemic during 2020, with an increase in suicides from 7.8 in 2019 to 8.3 per 100,000 population in 2020. In both cases, the male:female suicide ratio was reduced in similar proportion, with a higher net increase in the number of suicides among males but a higher percentage increase among females. Albeit limited, there is evidence that the pandemics may have affected suicide rates. However, the effect was most likely due to precipitation of different diathesis-stressor factors in each setting, given the different historical contexts.
本研究的目的是调查西班牙在新冠疫情期间以及1918 - 1920年流感大流行期间的自杀率。1910 - 1925年以及2016 - 2020年按病因划分的死亡数据来自西班牙国家统计局。在西班牙流感大流行期间，1918年因流感、急性支气管炎、肺炎及其他呼吸道疾病导致的死亡高峰与自杀率上升同时出现（从1917年的每10万人中有5.9例自杀升至1918年的6.6例）。2020年新冠疫情期间也出现了类似模式，自杀率从2019年的每10万人中有7.8例升至2020年的8.3例。在这两种情况下，男性与女性的自杀比率均以相似比例下降，男性自杀人数的净增加量更高，但女性的自杀率上升百分比更高。尽管证据有限，但有迹象表明这两次大流行可能影响了自杀率。然而，鉴于不同的历史背景，这种影响很可能是由于在每种情况下不同的素质应激因素所致。
