Samalova Marketa, Gahurova Evelina, Hejatko Jan
CEITEC - Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.
Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.
Quant Plant Biol. 2022 Jun 13;3:e11. doi: 10.1017/qpb.2022.6. eCollection 2022.
Biomechanical properties of the cell wall (CW) are important for many developmental and adaptive responses in plants. Expansins were shown to mediate pH-dependent CW enlargement via a process called CW loosening. Here, we provide a brief overview of expansin occurrence in plant and non-plant species, their structure and mode of action including the role of hormone-regulated CW acidification in the control of expansin activity. We depict the historical as well as recent CW models, discuss the role of expansins in the CW biomechanics and address the developmental importance of expansin-regulated CW loosening in cell elongation and new primordia formation. We summarise the data published so far on the role of expansins in the abiotic stress response as well as the rather scarce evidence and hypotheses on the possible mechanisms underlying expansin-mediated abiotic stress resistance. Finally, we wrap it up by highlighting possible future directions in expansin research.
细胞壁（CW）的生物力学特性对植物的许多发育和适应性反应都很重要。扩展蛋白被证明通过一种称为细胞壁松弛的过程介导pH依赖的细胞壁扩张。在这里，我们简要概述扩展蛋白在植物和非植物物种中的存在情况、它们的结构和作用模式，包括激素调节的细胞壁酸化在控制扩展蛋白活性中的作用。我们描述了历史上以及最近的细胞壁模型，讨论了扩展蛋白在细胞壁生物力学中的作用，并阐述了扩展蛋白调节的细胞壁松弛在细胞伸长和新原基形成中的发育重要性。我们总结了迄今为止发表的关于扩展蛋白在非生物胁迫反应中的作用的数据，以及关于扩展蛋白介导的非生物胁迫抗性潜在机制的相当稀少的证据和假设。最后，我们通过强调扩展蛋白研究未来可能的方向来结束本文。
