Wu Xiang, Yang Fan, Cai Sa, Pu Kanyi, Hong Guosong
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA.
Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA.
ACS Nano. 2023 May 9;17(9):7941-7952. doi: 10.1021/acsnano.2c12068. Epub 2023 Apr 20.
The second near-infrared window (NIR-II window), which ranges from 1000 to 1700 nm in wavelength, exhibits distinctive advantages of reduced light scattering and thus deep penetration in biological tissues in comparison to the visible spectrum. The NIR-II window has been widely employed for deep-tissue fluorescence imaging in the past decade. More recently, deep-brain neuromodulation has been demonstrated in the NIR-II window by leveraging nanotransducers that can efficiently convert brain-penetrant NIR-II light into heat. In this Perspective, we discuss the principles and potential applications of this NIR-II deep-brain neuromodulation technique, together with its advantages and limitations compared with other existing optical methods for deep-brain neuromodulation. We also point out a few future directions where the advances in materials science and bioengineering can expand the capability and utility of NIR-II neuromodulation methods.
第二个近红外窗口（NIR-II窗口）的波长范围为1000至1700纳米，与可见光谱相比，具有光散射减少的独特优势，因此在生物组织中具有更深的穿透深度。在过去十年中，NIR-II窗口已广泛用于深部组织荧光成像。最近，通过利用能够有效地将穿透大脑的NIR-II光转化为热量的纳米换能器，在NIR-II窗口中实现了深部脑神经调节。在这篇观点文章中，我们讨论了这种NIR-II深部脑神经调节技术的原理和潜在应用，以及与其他现有的深部脑神经调节光学方法相比的优缺点。我们还指出了一些未来的方向，材料科学和生物工程的进展可以扩展NIR-II神经调节方法的能力和效用。
