Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Ribeirão Preto School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
J Esthet Restor Dent. 2023 Oct;35(7):1144-1151. doi: 10.1111/jerd.13057. Epub 2023 Apr 21.
To evaluate the effect of activated charcoal-based (AC) products on color alteration, remineralizing potential and surface roughness of dental enamel.
Bovine incisors were cut into 6 × 6 × 2 mm fragments. Initial color (EasyShade, Vita) and surface roughness (Surfcorder SE1700, Kosakalab) readings were performed. Fragments were separated into five groups (n = 17) according to the treatment: Control: Fluoride toothpaste (Colgate Total 12, Colgate); Charcoal + NaF: AC toothpaste (ACT) with sodium fluoride (Colgate Natural Extracts, Colgate); Charcoal + MFP + n-HA: ACT with sodium monofluorophosphate and nanohydroxyapatite (Black is White, Curaprox); Charcoal: Fluoride-free ACT (ProActive, Hinode); and Charcoal powder: AC powder. Simulated toothbrushing was performed and final color and surface roughness readings were obtained. Fragments were then polished, and initial microhardness (HMV-2, Shimatzu) readings were done. Samples were artificially demineralized and brushed again. Final microhardness readings were taken. Data were statistically analyzed.
Fluoride-free charcoal presented the lowest surface roughness alteration (p < 0.05). Charcoal powder had the lowest color change (p < 0.05) and negative values for whiteness index for dentistry alteration. All the groups presented values below whiteness acceptability threshold and negative relative microhardness values. Control showed the highest remineralizing potential (p < 0.05).
ACPs did not produce color alteration different from the fluoride toothpaste, except for Charcoal powder that caused less color change. ACPs caused surface roughness alteration similar to the fluoride toothpaste. ACT with fluoride and AC powder did not have remineralizing potential.
Activated charcoal-based products (ACP) promise effective tooth whitening and quick results, without teeth damage. In addition, some ACPs contain fluoride in toothpaste composition and promise rehardening potential. However, ACPs are not as effective as other whitening agents and can alter the surface roughness of the enamel. Even if the ACPs contain fluoride or other remineralizing agents, they might be ineffective.
评估基于活性炭的（AC）产品对牙釉质颜色改变、再矿化潜力和表面粗糙度的影响。
将牛切牙切成 6×6×2mm 片段。进行初始颜色（EasyShade，Vita）和表面粗糙度（Surfcorder SE1700，Kosakalab）读数。根据处理将片段分为五组（n=17）：对照组：含氟牙膏（Colgate Total 12，Colgate）；活性炭+NaF：含氟牙膏（ACT）加氟化钠（Colgate Natural Extracts，Colgate）；活性炭+MFP+纳米羟基磷灰石：含单氟磷酸钠和纳米羟基磷灰石的 ACT（Black is White，Curaprox）；不含氟的活性炭 ACT（ProActive，Hinode）；活性炭粉：不含氟的活性炭粉。进行模拟刷牙，获取最终颜色和表面粗糙度读数。然后对片段进行抛光，并进行初始显微硬度（HMV-2，Shimatzu）读数。对样本进行人工脱矿化并再次刷牙。最后进行显微硬度读数。对数据进行统计分析。
不含氟的活性炭表面粗糙度改变最小（p<0.05）。活性炭粉颜色变化最小（p<0.05），且对牙科颜色改变的白度指数为负值。所有组的白度接受阈值均低于白度接受阈值，且相对显微硬度值为负值。对照组的再矿化潜力最高（p<0.05）。
除活性炭粉外，ACP 并未产生与含氟牙膏不同的颜色改变，而活性炭粉引起的颜色改变较小。ACP 导致表面粗糙度改变与含氟牙膏相似。含氟和活性炭粉的 ACT 没有再矿化潜力。
基于活性炭的产品（ACP）有望有效美白牙齿，且效果迅速，不会造成牙齿损伤。此外，一些 ACP 含有牙膏成分中的氟，具有再矿化潜力。然而，ACP 不如其他美白剂有效，可能会改变牙釉质的表面粗糙度。即使 ACP 含有氟化物或其他再矿化剂，它们也可能无效。
