Wang Chuanliang, Zhao Qian, Chang Yen-Chiang
School of Law, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, 116026, China.
School of Law, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250358, China.
Heliyon. 2023 Apr 6;9(4):e15354. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e15354. eCollection 2023 Apr.
The legal status of marine fishery resources is analyzed from a spatial perspective: States have the right for their nationals to engage in fishing activities in the corresponding maritime areas based on the sovereignty, sovereign rights, the principle of freedom of the high seas as well as the principle of the common heritage of mankind of the Area under the 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS). Meanwhile, the legal status of marine fishery resources is analyzed from two aspects in terms of contents: the legal regime of exploitation and utilization of marine fishery resources and the legal regime of conservation and management of marine fishery resources. The transformation of marine fishery resources from natural resources to individual catches involves the regime of ownership. There is no specific regime of ownership regarding marine fishery resources under UNCLOS or other international legal instruments, which should be stipulated by domestic laws.
根据1982年《联合国海洋法公约》（《海洋法公约》）中关于国家主权、主权权利、公海自由原则以及“区域”的人类共同继承财产原则，各国有权允许其国民在相应海域从事捕捞活动。同时，从内容方面分两个角度分析海洋渔业资源的法律地位：海洋渔业资源开发利用的法律制度和海洋渔业资源养护管理的法律制度。海洋渔业资源从自然资源转变为个体捕获物涉及所有权制度。《海洋法公约》或其他国际法律文书中没有关于海洋渔业资源的具体所有权制度，应由国内法予以规定。
