School of Medicine, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
Front Public Health. 2023 Apr 6;11:1090196. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1090196. eCollection 2023.
The aim of this study was to identify patterns related to health and their association with chronic kidney disease (CKD) in the Brazilian population.
We used data from the National Health Survey (PNS), 2019. Participants were interviewed and answered questions related to socioeconomic and demographic information (gender, age, education, race/color), health conditions (presence of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, cardiovascular disease, overweight and CKD) and lifestyle (smoking, alcohol consumption, physical activity and food consumption). To identify patterns, we used exploratory factor analysis. We performed logistic regression models to describe the association of CKD with each pattern in crude models and adjusted for gender, age group, education level and race/color.
A total of 90,846 individuals were evaluated. The prevalence of CKD was 1.49% (95% CI: 1.3-1.6). Three health-related patterns - metabolic factors, behavioral risk factors and behavioral protective factors - were identified by factor analysis. Metabolic factors were determined by the presence of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia and cardiovascular diseases. Behavioral risk factors were determined by smoking, alcohol consumption, regular consumption of soft drinks, sweets and artificial juices, and high salt consumption. The protective behavioral factors were established by the practice of physical activity and regular consumption of vegetables and fruits. Participants of the highest tertile for metabolic factors were more likely to have CKD in the adjusted model (OR = 3.61, 95% CI: 2.69-4.85), when compared to those of the lower tertile.
The pattern referring to metabolic factors was associated with a higher chance of presenting CKD.
本研究旨在确定与巴西人群健康相关的模式及其与慢性肾脏病（CKD）的关联。
我们使用了 2019 年全国健康调查（PNS）的数据。参与者接受了访谈，并回答了与社会经济和人口统计学信息（性别、年龄、教育程度、种族/肤色）、健康状况（高血压、糖尿病、高血脂、心血管疾病、超重和 CKD）以及生活方式（吸烟、饮酒、身体活动和食物摄入）相关的问题。为了识别模式，我们使用了探索性因素分析。我们进行了逻辑回归模型，以描述 CKD 在粗模型和调整性别、年龄组、教育程度和种族/肤色后的每个模式的关联。
共评估了 90846 人。CKD 的患病率为 1.49%（95%CI：1.3-1.6）。通过因子分析确定了三种与健康相关的模式——代谢因素、行为危险因素和行为保护因素。代谢因素由高血压、糖尿病、高血脂和心血管疾病的存在来确定。行为危险因素由吸烟、饮酒、经常饮用软饮料、甜食和人工果汁以及高盐摄入来确定。保护性行为因素是通过进行身体活动和经常食用蔬菜和水果来确定的。在调整模型中，代谢因素最高三分位的参与者发生 CKD 的可能性更高（OR=3.61，95%CI：2.69-4.85），与最低三分位相比。
代谢因素模式与 CKD 发生的可能性增加相关。
