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Psychoanal Q. 2023;92(1):11-25. doi: 10.1080/00332828.2023.2178168.
The terms and are increasingly being referred to in psychoanalytic discourse, without our having established a generally agreed upon consensus about their definition, use or meaning. While these particular designations were never used by Freud, a careful reading of his work reveals them to be qualities that characterize the initial state of both the drive and perception. This paper attempts to place these terms in a clinically useful, metapsychological perspective by reviewing their conceptual origin in Freud and examining their elaboration and clinical relevance in the work of Bion, Winnicott, and Green. These concepts should prove especially useful for understanding and addressing problems presented by non-neurotic patients and psychic organizations and will help expand the reach and efficacy of psychoanalytic understanding and technique to increasing numbers of contemporary patients.
在精神分析论述中，越来越多地提到了 和 这两个术语，而我们尚未就它们的定义、用法或含义达成普遍一致的共识。虽然这些特定的术语从未被弗洛伊德使用过，但仔细阅读他的著作就会发现，它们是驱动和感知初始状态的特征。本文试图通过回顾弗洛伊德对这些术语的概念起源，并研究它们在 Bion、Winnicott 和 Green 的著作中的阐述和临床相关性，将这些术语置于具有临床意义的元心理学视角中。这些概念对于理解和解决非神经症患者和心理组织提出的问题特别有用，并将有助于扩大精神分析理解和技术的范围和效果，使其适用于越来越多的当代患者。
