I3A-Aragón Institute of Engineering Research, University of Zaragoza, María de Luna 3, 50018, Zaragoza, Spain.
University of Bologna, Via Zamboni, 33, 40126, Bologna, BO, Italy.
Food Microbiol. 2023 Aug;113:104284. doi: 10.1016/j.fm.2023.104284. Epub 2023 Apr 10.
Several filamentous fungi species as Fusarium oxysporum or Cladosporium sp. can form biofilms by themselves or by participating in polymicrobial biofilms with bacteria. However, despite the high impact of biofilm on the food industry and the high efforts done to control biofilm produced by bacteria in the food area, there has been little study of strategies to control fungal biofilm in this area. In this study, the antibiofilm activity of the safe antimicrobial compound ethyl lauroyl arginate (LAE) was investigated against food spoilage fungi (Cladosporium cladosporioides, Aspergillus ochraceus, Penicillium italicum, Botrytis cynerea and Fusarium oxyspoum). Finally, the efficacy of a varnish-based coating incorporating LAE and coated onto polystyrene microtiter plates has been evaluated as a strategy to reduce fungal biofilm formation. The results of the 2,3-bis-(2-metoxi-4-nitro-5-sulfofenil)-2H-tetrazoilo-5-carboxanilida (XTT) assay, which measure the biofilm metabolic activity of moulds, demonstrated that LAE reduced significantly the formation of fungal biofilm at concentrations from 6 to 25 mg/L. This reduction was confirmed by the micrographs obtained by scanning electronic microscopy (SEM). In addition, LAE also showed antifungal activity against established biofilms. Particularly, it reduced their metabolic activity and viability at concentrations from 6 to 25 mg/L according to results obtained in the XTT assay and observations made by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). Finally, active coating incorporating from 2% of LAE proved to reduce significantly the biofilm formation in C. cladosporioides, B. cynerea and F. oxyspoum according to the results obtained in the XTT assay. However, the released studies indicated that the retention of LAE in the coating should be improved to prolong their activity.
几种丝状真菌物种，如尖孢镰刀菌或枝孢属，能够自行形成生物膜，或与细菌一起形成多微生物生物膜。然而，尽管生物膜对食品工业的影响很大，并且在食品领域控制细菌产生的生物膜方面已经付出了很高的努力，但对控制该领域真菌生物膜的策略研究却很少。在这项研究中，研究了安全抗菌化合物月桂酰精氨酸乙酯（LAE）对食品腐败真菌（枝孢属、赭曲霉、意大利青霉、灰葡萄孢和尖孢镰刀菌）的抗生物膜活性。最后，评估了一种基于清漆的涂层，其中包含 LAE 并涂覆在聚苯乙烯微量滴定板上，作为减少真菌生物膜形成的策略。2,3-双-(2-甲氧基-4-硝基-5-磺苯基)-2H-四唑-5-羧基苯胺（XTT）测定法的结果，该测定法可测量霉菌生物膜的代谢活性，表明 LAE 在 6 至 25 mg/L 的浓度下显著减少了真菌生物膜的形成。扫描电子显微镜（SEM）获得的显微照片证实了这种减少。此外，LAE 还显示出对已建立的生物膜的抗真菌活性。特别是，根据 XTT 测定和共聚焦激光扫描显微镜（CLSM）观察结果，它在 6 至 25 mg/L 的浓度下降低了它们的代谢活性和活力。最后，根据 XTT 测定结果，含有 2% LAE 的活性涂层被证明可以显著减少 C. cladosporioides、B. cynerea 和 F. oxyspoum 的生物膜形成。然而，释放的研究表明，应改善涂层中 LAE 的保留以延长其活性。
