Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Metabolic Health, Center for Energy Metabolism and Reproduction, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China.
Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK.
Nat Metab. 2023 Apr;5(4):579-588. doi: 10.1038/s42255-023-00782-2. Epub 2023 Apr 26.
Obesity is caused by a prolonged positive energy balance. Whether reduced energy expenditure stemming from reduced activity levels contributes is debated. Here we show that in both sexes, total energy expenditure (TEE) adjusted for body composition and age declined since the late 1980s, while adjusted activity energy expenditure increased over time. We use the International Atomic Energy Agency Doubly Labelled Water database on energy expenditure of adults in the United States and Europe (n = 4,799) to explore patterns in total (TEE: n = 4,799), basal (BEE: n = 1,432) and physical activity energy expenditure (n = 1,432) over time. In males, adjusted BEE decreased significantly, but in females this did not reach significance. A larger dataset of basal metabolic rate (equivalent to BEE) measurements of 9,912 adults across 163 studies spanning 100 years replicates the decline in BEE in both sexes. We conclude that increasing obesity in the United States/Europe has probably not been fuelled by reduced physical activity leading to lowered TEE. We identify here a decline in adjusted BEE as a previously unrecognized factor.
肥胖是由长期的能量正平衡引起的。活动水平降低导致的能量消耗减少是否有贡献，这一点存在争议。在这里，我们表明，自 20 世纪 80 年代末以来，男女的总能量消耗（TEE）在调整身体成分和年龄后有所下降，而调整后的活动能量消耗随着时间的推移而增加。我们使用国际原子能机构（IAEA）关于美国和欧洲成年人能量消耗的双标记水数据库（n=4799），以探索总能量消耗（TEE：n=4799）、基础能量消耗（BEE：n=1432）和身体活动能量消耗（n=1432）随时间的变化模式。在男性中，调整后的 BEE 显著下降，但在女性中，这并没有达到显著水平。在跨越 100 年的 163 项研究中，对 9912 名成年人的基础代谢率（相当于 BEE）进行了更大规模的测量，该数据集复制了两性中 BEE 的下降。我们的结论是，美国/欧洲肥胖率的增加可能不是由于体力活动减少导致 TEE 降低所致。我们在这里确定，调整后的 BEE 下降是一个以前未被认识到的因素。
