Transcriptomic investigation reveals a physiological mechanism for to survive under linoleic acid stress.

In integrated pest management program (IPM), the compatibility of mycoinsecticides with bioactive fungicides [e.g., unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs)] has attracted more and more attention; however, the mechanisms underlying fungal resistance to UFAs remain largely unknown. In this study, , an entomopathogenic fungus, was used to explore fungal responses to linoleic acid (LA). Genome-wide expression revealed the transcriptomic responses of fungal cells to LA in a stress-intensity-dependent manner. Enrichment analyses indicated that the up-regulated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) are associated with the metabolism of lipid and fatty acids. Notably, a lipid-droplet protein (BbLar1) maintains the intracellular homeostasis of fatty acids and is crucial to fungal tolerance to LA stress, which significantly contributes to fungal compatibility with UFAs. Additionally, BbLar1 links the lipid droplets to global expression profiles in under LA stress. Our investigations provide an initial framework for improving the efficacy of insect pathogenic fungi in practical application.