Zeb Mubarak, Ullah Abd, Ullah Farman, Haq Aminul, Ullah Irshad, Badshah Lal, Haq Muhammad Abdul
Department of Botany, Govt. Post Graduate College Khar, District Bajaur, Pakistan.
Department of Botany, Islamia College University, Peshawar, Pakistan.
Heliyon. 2023 Jul 4;9(7):e17818. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17818. eCollection 2023 Jul.
The present study was carried out to document the diversity and ecological characteristics of macrofungi of Bajaur, Pakistan. The diversity of macrofungi comprised 51 species belonging to 22 families and 37 genera. The families Agaricaceae (7 species) and Psathyrellaceae (7 species) were found dominant followed by Tricholomataceae (4 species), Fomitopsidaceae and Polyporaceae (4 species each) and Amanitaceae (3 species). White (23 species), brown (11 species), and yellow were the most prevalent morphological colours in basidiocarps (8 species). Among the identified species, 32 were saprophytic in nutrition followed by 7 parasitic, 6 saprophytic and parasitic both, while 6 mycorrhizal that make association with higher plants. The distribution of macrofungal species in the three tehsils of Bajaur was also evaluated based on Shannon diversity index, Simpson diversity index and evenness. The highest Shannon diversity index and Simpson diversity index were found for tehsil Utman Kheil at 3.73 and 0.97, while the maximum value of evenness for tehsil Khar with 0.92 value. The results indicate a very high species richness of the study site. Four species out of the total were identified to be new reports from Pakistan. This survey's findings suggested that there is a wide variety of macrofungi that might be used as food and alternative medications if further research is carried out.
本研究旨在记录巴基斯坦巴焦尔大型真菌的多样性和生态特征。大型真菌的多样性包括属于22科37属的51个物种。发现蘑菇科（7种）和裸盖菇科（7种）占主导地位，其次是口蘑科（4种）、拟层孔菌科和多孔菌科（各4种）以及鹅膏菌科（3种）。白色（23种）、棕色（11种）和黄色是担子果中最常见的形态颜色（8种）。在已鉴定的物种中，32种营养方式为腐生，其次是7种寄生、6种兼腐生和寄生，还有6种与高等植物形成菌根。还基于香农多样性指数、辛普森多样性指数和均匀度评估了巴焦尔三个乡大型真菌物种的分布。乌特曼·凯尔乡的香农多样性指数和辛普森多样性指数最高，分别为3.73和0.97，而哈尔乡的均匀度最大值为0.92。结果表明研究地点的物种丰富度非常高。总共4个物种被鉴定为巴基斯坦的新记录。本次调查结果表明，如果进一步开展研究，有多种大型真菌可作为食物和替代药物。
