Santos Mafalda S, Carvalho Marta S, Silva João C
Department of Bioengineering, iBB-Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal.
Associate Laboratory i4HB-Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal.
Nanomaterials (Basel). 2023 Apr 7;13(8):1307. doi: 10.3390/nano13081307.
Periodontitis is an inflammatory infection caused by bacterial plaque accumulation that affects the periodontal tissues. Current treatments lack bioactive signals to induce tissue repair and coordinated regeneration of the periodontium, thus alternative strategies are needed to improve clinical outcomes. Electrospun nanofibers present high porosity and surface area and are able to mimic the natural extracellular matrix, which modulates cell attachment, migration, proliferation, and differentiation. Recently, several electrospun nanofibrous membranes have been fabricated with antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and osteogenic properties, showing promising results for periodontal regeneration. Thus, this review aims to provide an overview of the current state of the art of these nanofibrous scaffolds in periodontal regeneration strategies. First, we describe the periodontal tissues and periodontitis, as well as the currently available treatments. Next, periodontal tissue engineering (TE) strategies, as promising alternatives to the current treatments, are addressed. Electrospinning is briefly explained, the characteristics of electrospun nanofibrous scaffolds are highlighted, and a detailed overview of electrospun nanofibers applied to periodontal TE is provided. Finally, current limitations and possible future developments of electrospun nanofibrous scaffolds for periodontitis treatment are also discussed.
牙周炎是一种由细菌菌斑积聚引起的炎症性感染，会影响牙周组织。目前的治疗方法缺乏诱导组织修复和牙周组织协调再生的生物活性信号，因此需要替代策略来改善临床效果。电纺纳米纤维具有高孔隙率和表面积，能够模拟天然细胞外基质，调节细胞的附着、迁移、增殖和分化。最近，已经制备了几种具有抗菌、抗炎和成骨特性的电纺纳米纤维膜，在牙周再生方面显示出了有前景的结果。因此，本综述旨在概述这些纳米纤维支架在牙周再生策略中的当前技术水平。首先，我们描述牙周组织和牙周炎，以及目前可用的治疗方法。接下来，探讨了牙周组织工程（TE）策略，作为当前治疗方法的有前景的替代方案。简要解释了静电纺丝，突出了电纺纳米纤维支架的特性，并提供了应用于牙周TE的电纺纳米纤维的详细概述。最后，还讨论了用于治疗牙周炎的电纺纳米纤维支架的当前局限性和可能的未来发展。
