Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research, University of Coimbra, Health Sciences Campus, Azinhaga de S. Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal.
Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Health Sciences Campus, Azinhaga de S. Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal.
Nutrients. 2023 Apr 17;15(8):1930. doi: 10.3390/nu15081930.
Aromatic plants are reported to display pharmacological properties, including anti-aging. This work aims to disclose the anti-aging effect of the essential oil (EO) of (L.) Cav., an aromatic and medicinal plant widely used as a spice, as well as of the hydrodistillation residual water (HRW), a discarded by-product of EO hydrodistillation. The phytochemical characterization of EO and HRW was assessed by GC-MS and HPLC-PDA-ESI-MS, respectively. The DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP assays were used to disclose the antioxidant properties. The anti-inflammatory potential was evaluated using lipopolysaccharide-stimulated macrophages by assessing NO production, iNOS, and pro-IL-1β protein levels. Cell migration was evaluated using the scratch wound assay, and the etoposide-induced senescence was used to assess the modulation of senescence. The EO is mainly characterized by carvacrol, while the HRW is predominantly characterized by rosmarinic acid. The HRW exerts a stronger antioxidant effect in the DPPH and FRAP assays, whereas the EO was the most active sample in the ABTS assay. Both extracts reduce NO, iNOS, and pro-IL-1β. The EO has no effect on cell migration and presents anti-senescence effects. In opposition, HRW reduces cell migration and induces cellular senescence. Overall, our study highlights interesting pharmacological properties for both extracts, EO being of interest as an anti-aging ingredient and HRW relevant in cancer therapy.
芳香植物被报道具有药理学特性，包括抗衰老。本工作旨在揭示作为香料广泛使用的芳香药用植物（）精油（EO）和水蒸馏残留水（HRW）的抗衰老作用，HRW 是 EO 水蒸馏的一种废弃副产物。通过 GC-MS 和 HPLC-PDA-ESI-MS 分别评估了 EO 和 HRW 的植物化学成分特征。使用 DPPH、ABTS 和 FRAP 测定法来揭示抗氧化特性。通过评估 NO 产生、iNOS 和促 IL-1β 蛋白水平，使用脂多糖刺激的巨噬细胞评估抗炎潜力。使用划痕伤口测定法评估细胞迁移，并用依托泊苷诱导的衰老来评估衰老的调节。EO 主要以香芹酚为特征，而 HRW 主要以迷迭香酸为特征。HRW 在 DPPH 和 FRAP 测定中表现出更强的抗氧化作用，而 EO 在 ABTS 测定中是最活跃的样品。两种提取物均能降低 NO、iNOS 和促 IL-1β。EO 对细胞迁移没有影响，并具有抗衰老作用。相反，HRW 降低细胞迁移并诱导细胞衰老。总体而言，我们的研究强调了两种提取物的有趣的药理学特性，EO 作为抗衰老成分具有重要意义，而 HRW 在癌症治疗中具有相关性。
