Laboratory of Natural Substances, Pharmacology, Environment, Modeling, Health and Quality of Life (SNAMOPEQ), Faculty of Sciences Dhar El Mahraz, University Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah, Fez, Morocco.
Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 10219, Riyadh 11433, Saudi Arabia.
Biomed Res Int. 2022 Jul 26;2022:5218950. doi: 10.1155/2022/5218950. eCollection 2022.
(NS) is a plant that has long been utilized in traditional medicine as a treatment for certain diseases. The aim of this work was to valorize the essential oil (EO) of this species by phytochemical analysis and antimicrobial and antioxidant evaluation. EO was extracted by hydrodistillation from the seeds of (EO-NS). Phytochemical content of EO-NS was evaluated by use of gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS). Antioxidant ability was determined by use of three assays: 2.2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), ferric reducing power (FRAP), and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) relative to two synthetic antioxidants: BHT and quercetin. Antimicrobial effect was evaluated against four clinically important bacterial strains (, ATCC 6633; , K12; , DSM 6333; and , ATCC 29906) and against four fungal strains (, ATCC 10231; , MTCC 282; , MTCC 9606; and , MTCC 9913). Fifteen constituents that accounted for the majority of the mass of the EO-NS were identified and quantified by use of GC-MSMS. The main component was -cymene (37.82%), followed by carvacrol (17.68%), -pinene (10.09%), trans-sabinene hydrate (9.90%), and 4-terpineol (7.15%). EO-NS exhibited significant antioxidant activity with IC, EC, and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) of 0.017 ± 0.0002, 0.1196 ± 0.012, and 114.059 ± 0.97 mg EAA/g, respectively. Additionally, EO-NS exhibited promising antibacterial activity on all strains under investigation, especially on K12 resulting in inhibition diameter of 38.67 ± 0.58 mm and a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 1.34 ± 0.00 g/mL. Also, EO-NS had significant antifungal efficacy, with a percentage of inhibition of 67.45 ± 2.31% and MIC of 2.69 ± 0.00 g/mL against , MTCC 9913 and with a diameter of inhibition 42 ± 0.00 mm and MIC of 0.67 ± 0.00 g/mL against . To minimize development of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, EO-NS can be utilized as a natural, alternative to synthetic antibiotics and antioxidants to treat free radicals implicated in microbial infection-related inflammatory reactions.
(NS) 是一种植物，长期以来一直被用于传统医学中，作为治疗某些疾病的药物。本研究旨在通过植物化学分析、抗菌和抗氧化评价来提高该物种的精油 (EO) 的价值。通过水蒸馏从 NS 的种子中提取精油 (EO-NS)。使用气相色谱-质谱联用仪 (GC-MS/MS) 评估 EO-NS 的植物化学成分含量。通过三种测定方法评估抗氧化能力：2.2-二苯基-1-苦基肼 (DPPH)、铁还原能力 (FRAP) 和总抗氧化能力 (TAC)，并与两种合成抗氧化剂：BHT 和槲皮素进行比较。抗菌效果针对四种临床重要的细菌菌株（ATCC 6633、DSM 6333、DSM 20241 和 ATCC 29906）和四种真菌菌株（ATCC 10231、MTCC 282、MTCC 9606 和 MTCC 9913）进行评估。使用 GC-MSMS 鉴定并定量了组成 EO-NS 的大部分质量的 15 种成分。主要成分是 - 柠檬烯（37.82%），其次是香芹酚（17.68%）、- 蒎烯（10.09%）、反式水合马鞭烯酮（9.90%）和 4-萜品醇（7.15%）。EO-NS 表现出显著的抗氧化活性，IC50、EC50 和总抗氧化能力（TAC）分别为 0.017 ± 0.0002、0.1196 ± 0.012 和 114.059 ± 0.97 mg EAA/g。此外，EO-NS 对所有研究菌株均表现出有前景的抗菌活性，尤其是对 K12 的抑制直径为 38.67 ± 0.58 mm，最小抑菌浓度 (MIC) 为 1.34 ± 0.00 g/mL。此外，EO-NS 对 和 具有显著的抗真菌功效，抑制率为 67.45 ± 2.31%，最小抑菌浓度 (MIC) 为 2.69 ± 0.00 g/mL，对 和 抑制直径为 42 ± 0.00 mm，最小抑菌浓度 (MIC) 为 0.67 ± 0.00 g/mL。为了最大程度地减少抗生素耐药菌的产生，EO-NS 可以作为一种天然的、替代合成抗生素和抗氧化剂，用于治疗与微生物感染相关的炎症反应中涉及的自由基。
