Implementing Model Predictive Control and Steady-State Dynamics for Lane Detection for Automated Vehicles in a Variety of Occlusion in Clothoid-Form Roads.

Lane detection in driving situations is a critical module for advanced driver assistance systems (ADASs) and automated cars. Many advanced lane detection algorithms have been presented in recent years. However, most approaches rely on recognising the lane from a single or several images, which often results in poor performance when dealing with extreme scenarios such as intense shadow, severe mark degradation, severe vehicle occlusion, and so on. This paper proposes an integration of steady-state dynamic equations and Model Predictive Control-Preview Capability (MPC-PC) strategy to find key parameters of the lane detection algorithm for automated cars while driving on clothoid-form roads (structured and unstructured roads) to tackle issues such as the poor detection accuracy of lane identification and tracking in occlusion (e.g., rain) and different light conditions (e.g., night vs. daytime). First, the MPC preview capability plan is designed and applied in order to maintain the vehicle on the target lane. Second, as an input to the lane detection method, the key parameters such as yaw angle, sideslip, and steering angle are calculated using a steady-state dynamic and motion equations. The developed algorithm is tested with a primary (own dataset) and a secondary dataset (publicly available dataset) in a simulation environment. With our proposed approach, the mean detection accuracy varies from 98.7% to 99%, and the detection time ranges from 20 to 22 ms under various driving circumstances. Comparison of our proposed algorithm's performance with other existing approaches shows that the proposed algorithm has good comprehensive recognition performance in the different dataset, thus indicating desirable accuracy and adaptability. The suggested approach will help advance intelligent-vehicle lane identification and tracking and help to increase intelligent-vehicle driving safety.