Koźlenia Dawid, Domaradzki Jarosław
Unit of Biostructure, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Wroclaw University of Health and Sport Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland.
Front Physiol. 2023 Apr 13;14:1156636. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1156636. eCollection 2023.
There are limited data concerning the disparity between males and females in post-activation performance enhancement (PAPE) based on isometry. Therefore, this study aimed to establish if sex differences exist in the PAPE effect on jump height. The study included 30 males and 15 females aged between 19 and 25, with relative strength in the back squat of at least 110% of body weight and a minimum of 3 years of resistance training experience. A baseline countermovement jump (CMJ) was performed, and the PAPE protocol, which involved three 4-s sets of isometric full-back squats with a 1-min rest interval, was introduced. Five CMJs were performed over the following 9 minutes in 2 minutes rest intervals. Changes (Δ) towards the baseline and each jump height results were calculated and analyzed in the absolute (cm) and relative (%) approach. The repeated measures ANOVA with sex as between-groups effect and time of the changes as within-group effect were conducted. Results showed statistically significant interaction (sex×time) in absolute changes (Δ cm) (F = 2.50, η = 0.05, = 0.0447), which indicated that the sex effect has changed over time. Post-hoc test showed that during the first 3 minutes, men and women benefited equally, but in the fifth and seventh minutes, the observed changes were greater in men, thus close to significance ( = 0.0797, = 0.0786), and in the last minute, the difference was statistically significant ( = 0.0309). Also, a statistically significant interaction effect was observed for relative changes (Δ %) (F = 4.22, η = 0.09, = 0.0027). At the beginning (the first and third minutes), changes in females were greater than in males, but the differences were insignificant. However, after 5 minutes, the decrease in females was observed with statistically significant differences in the last minute compared to males ( = 0.0391). Chi-Squared analysis indicated that the time to peak performance was insignificant ( = 7.45, = 0.1140) in both sexes. The introduced PAPE protocol based on isometry improved jump height in both sexes, with performance enhancement recorded in the third-minute post-activation. However, performance decreased in females over the next 6 minutes, while it was maintained in the male group. Despite the generally positive short-term effects of the protocol on females, the usefulness of the protocol is limited.
关于基于等长收缩的激活后性能增强（PAPE）中男性和女性之间的差异，现有数据有限。因此，本研究旨在确定PAPE对跳跃高度的影响是否存在性别差异。该研究纳入了30名年龄在19至25岁之间的男性和15名女性，他们的后深蹲相对力量至少为体重的110%，且至少有3年的抗阻训练经验。进行了一次基线反向移动跳跃（CMJ），并引入了PAPE方案，该方案包括三组4秒的等长全后深蹲，每组之间休息1分钟。在接下来的9分钟内，以2分钟的休息间隔进行五次CMJ。计算并分析相对于基线的变化（Δ）以及每次跳跃高度的结果，采用绝对（厘米）和相对（%）两种方法。进行了以性别为组间效应、变化时间为组内效应的重复测量方差分析。结果显示，在绝对变化（Δ厘米）方面存在统计学上显著的交互作用（性别×时间）（F = 2.50，η = 0.05，P = 0.0447），这表明性别效应随时间发生了变化。事后检验表明，在前3分钟，男性和女性受益相同，但在第5分钟和第7分钟，男性观察到的变化更大，接近显著水平（P = 0.0797，P = 0.0786），而在最后一分钟，差异具有统计学显著性（P = 0.0309）。此外，在相对变化（Δ%）方面也观察到了统计学上显著的交互作用（F = 4.22，η = 0.09，P = 0.0027）。开始时（第1分钟和第3分钟），女性的变化大于男性，但差异不显著。然而，5分钟后，观察到女性出现下降，与男性相比，在最后一分钟差异具有统计学显著性（P = 0.0391）。卡方分析表明，两性达到最佳表现的时间差异不显著（P = 7.45，P = 0.1140）。引入的基于等长收缩的PAPE方案提高了两性的跳跃高度，激活后第3分钟记录到性能增强。然而，在接下来的6分钟内女性的性能下降，而男性组则保持稳定。尽管该方案对女性总体上有积极的短期影响，但其有效性有限。
