Pereira Lucas A, Boullosa Daniel, Moura Túlio B M A, Mercer Valter P, Fernandes Victor, Bishop Chris, Loturco Irineu
NAR - Nucleus of High Performance in Sport, São Paulo, Brazil.
Department of Human Movement Sciences, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
J Hum Kinet. 2022 Apr 26;82:173-180. doi: 10.2478/hukin-2022-0062. eCollection 2022 Apr.
This study aimed to compare the post-activation performance enhancement induced by successive drop-jumps performed on hard and sand surfaces in sprint and jump performance of top-level sprinters. Athletes were tested on two occasions. On each visit they were allocated to one of the experimental protocols, which consisted of performing 2x5 drop-jumps from a box with the height of 60-cm on hard or sand surfaces in randomized order, seven days apart. Prior to and 7 and 15-min after executing drop-jumps, sprinters performed countermovement jumps and 60-m sprint tests. Differences between sprinting splits and surfaces were assessed using a two-way analysis of variance with repeated measures. No significant differences in jump height or sprint time were observed (p>0.05), regardless of the surface used (i.e., hard or sand) during the conditioning activity (effect sizes [95% confidence intervals] ranging from 0.01 [-0.84;0.84] to 0.44 [-0.42;1.27]). Performing drop-jumps on sand or hard surfaces immediately before maximum sprinting bouts does not provide any advantage or disadvantage to top-level sprinters. Sprint coaches may prescribe short-plyometric training activities on sand surfaces even close to competitions, bearing in mind that this strategy will not compromise sprint-specific performance.
本研究旨在比较顶级短跑运动员在硬地面和沙地表面进行连续纵跳后，对短跑和跳跃成绩的激活后表现增强情况。运动员接受了两次测试。每次测试时，他们被随机分配到一种实验方案中，该方案包括在硬地面或沙地表面从60厘米高的箱子上进行2组每组5次的纵跳，两次测试间隔7天。在进行纵跳前以及纵跳后7分钟和15分钟，短跑运动员进行了反向纵跳和60米短跑测试。使用重复测量的双向方差分析评估短跑分段成绩和地面之间的差异。无论在训练活动中使用何种地面（即硬地面或沙地），均未观察到跳跃高度或短跑时间的显著差异（p>0.05）（效应大小[95%置信区间]范围为0.01[-0.84;0.84]至0.44[-0.42;1.27]）。在最大强度短跑比赛前立即在沙地或硬地面上进行纵跳，对顶级短跑运动员没有任何优势或劣势。短跑教练甚至可以在接近比赛时规定在沙地表面进行短期增强式训练活动，要记住这种策略不会影响特定短跑项目的成绩。
