Mohan Dinesh, Tiwari Geetam, Varghese Mathew, Bhalla Kavi, John Denny, Saran Ashrita, White Howard
TRIPP, Indian Institute of Technology New Delhi India.
Head Orthopaedics Department St. Stephen's Hospital New Delhi India.
Campbell Syst Rev. 2020 Mar 2;16(1):e1077. doi: 10.1002/cl2.1077. eCollection 2020 Mar.
The Decade of Action for Road Safety 2011-2020, officially proclaimed by the UN General Assembly in March 2010, sought to reduce morbidity and mortality due to road traffic injuries (RTI) significantly. While there is reasonable agreement internationally on safer designs of motor vehicles (except locally produced vehicles like three-wheeled scooter taxis, tuk-tuks, jeepneys, etc.), there is a lack of evidence based interventions in road and infrastructure design, police enforcement and post-crash care. Researchers in the field of traffic safety have been aware of the existence of counterintuitive results in their area of work for more than four decades. The fact that many interventions do not result in reductions in RTI is mainly because a large number of studies only measure intermediate outcomes like change in behaviour or knowledge and not the actual results in the field. The scope of this evidence and gap map (EGM) is to cover relevant studies in road safety sector from all countries and present the effectiveness of interventions in terms of mainly traffic crash injuries as its outcome. The interventions adopted in this EGM are classified into five broad categories: Human factors, vehicle factors and protective devices, road design, infrastructure and traffic control, post-crash pre-hospital care and legal and institutional framework. In order to come closer to accomplishing targets for road safety, it is important to allocate resources to promote interventions that are effective in achieving outcomes in the context of road safety. A mapping will provide a comprehensive overview of existing knowledge in the area of road safety and its effectiveness across the world. The map will guide programme managers to high quality evidence and inform targeted commissioning of future research.
2011 - 2020年道路安全行动十年由联合国大会于2010年3月正式宣布，旨在大幅降低道路交通伤害（RTI）导致的发病率和死亡率。虽然国际上对于机动车更安全的设计（除了三轮摩的、嘟嘟车、吉普尼等本地生产的车辆）有合理的共识，但在道路和基础设施设计、警察执法以及事故后护理方面缺乏基于证据的干预措施。交通安全领域的研究人员在其工作领域中已经意识到存在违反直觉的结果超过四十年了。许多干预措施未能降低道路交通伤害的主要原因是大量研究仅衡量行为或知识的变化等中间结果，而不是实际的现场结果。本证据与差距地图（EGM）的范围是涵盖所有国家道路安全领域的相关研究，并以主要的交通碰撞伤害为结果呈现干预措施的有效性。本EGM采用的干预措施分为五大类：人为因素、车辆因素及防护装置、道路设计、基础设施与交通控制、事故后院前护理以及法律和制度框架。为了更接近实现道路安全目标，重要的是分配资源以促进在道路安全背景下有效实现结果的干预措施。一份地图将全面概述道路安全领域及其在全球范围内有效性的现有知识。该地图将指导项目经理获取高质量证据，并为未来研究的针对性委托提供信息。
