Han Shuo, Chen Xinru, Huang Leaf
Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
Department of Toxicology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510000, China.
Acta Pharm Sin B. 2023 Apr;13(4):1371-1382. doi: 10.1016/j.apsb.2022.12.005. Epub 2022 Dec 13.
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) is a type of RNA over 200 nt long without any protein coding ability, which has been investigated relating to crucial biological function in cells. There are many key lncRNAs in tumor/normal cells that serve as a biological marker or a new target for tumor treatment. However, compared to some small non-coding RNA, lncRNA-based drugs are limited in clinical application. Different from other non-coding RNA, like microRNAs, most lncRNAs have a high molecular weight and conserved secondary structure, making the delivery of lncRNAs more complex than the small non-coding RNAs. Considering that lncRNAs constitute the most abundant part of the mammalian genome, it is critical to further explore lncRNA delivery and the subsequent functional studies for potential clinical application. In this review, we will discuss the function and mechanism of lncRNAs in diseases, especially cancer, and different approaches for lncRNA transfection using multiple biomaterials.
长链非编码RNA（lncRNAs）是一类长度超过200个核苷酸且无任何蛋白质编码能力的RNA，其与细胞中的关键生物学功能相关，已得到研究。肿瘤/正常细胞中有许多关键的lncRNAs，它们可作为生物学标志物或肿瘤治疗的新靶点。然而，与一些小的非编码RNA相比，基于lncRNA的药物在临床应用中受到限制。与其他非编码RNA（如微小RNA）不同，大多数lncRNAs具有高分子量和保守的二级结构，这使得lncRNAs的递送比小的非编码RNA更为复杂。鉴于lncRNAs构成了哺乳动物基因组中最丰富的部分，进一步探索lncRNA递送及后续功能研究以用于潜在的临床应用至关重要。在本综述中，我们将讨论lncRNAs在疾病（尤其是癌症）中的功能和机制，以及使用多种生物材料进行lncRNA转染的不同方法。
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