中国白纹伊蚊（双翅目：蚊科）种群的遗传结构及其与击倒抗性突变的关系。
Genetic structure of Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae) populations in China and relationship with the knockdown resistance mutations.
机构信息
Department of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
出版信息
Infect Dis Poverty. 2023 May 5;12(1):46. doi: 10.1186/s40249-023-01096-x.
BACKGROUND
Mosquito control is needed to prevent dengue fever, which is mainly spread by Aedes albopictus in China. Application of insecticides is one of the main mosquito control methods; however, this approach can fail due to the knockdown resistance (kdr) gene mutation that causes decreased sensitivity to insecticides in Ae. albopictus. The kdr mutation patterns among different regions in China differ significantly. However, the underlying mechanism and factors that influence kdr mutation remain unclear. To explore the potential influence of genetic background on the development of insecticide resistance in Ae. albopictus, we analyzed the genetic structure of Ae. albopictus populations in China and its correlation with major kdr mutations.
METHODS
We collected Ae. albopictus from 17 sites in 11 provinces (municipalities) across China from 2016 to 2021 and extracted the genomic DNA from individual adult mosquitoes. We selected eight microsatellite loci for genotyping, and based on microsatellite scores, we estimated intraspecific genetic diversity, population structure, and effective population size. The association between the intrapopulation genetic variation and F1534 mutation rate was evaluated by the Pearson correlation coefficient.
RESULTS
Based on variation analysis of the microsatellite loci of 453 mosquitoes representing 17 populations throughout China, more than 90% of the variation occurred within individuals, whereas only about 9% of the variation occurred among populations, indicating that field populations of Ae. albopictus are highly polymorphic. The northern populations tended to belong to gene pool I (BJFT 60.4%, SXXA 58.4%, SDJN 56.1%, SXYC 46.8%), the eastern populations tended to belong to pool III (SH 49.5%, JZHZ 48.1%), and the southern populations tended to belong to three different gene pools. Moreover, we observed that the greater the fixation index (F), the lower the wild-type frequency of F1534 of VSGC.
CONCLUSIONS
The degree of genetic differentiation among Ae. albopictus populations in China was low. These populations were divided into three gene pools, in which the northern and eastern pools are relatively homogeneous, while the southern gene pool is heterogeneous. The possible correlation between its genetic variations and kdr mutations is also noteworthy.
背景
为预防登革热，需要对蚊子进行控制，而白纹伊蚊是中国登革热的主要传播媒介。杀虫剂的应用是主要的蚊子控制方法之一；然而，由于击倒抗性 (kdr) 基因突变导致白纹伊蚊对杀虫剂的敏感性降低，这种方法可能会失败。中国不同地区的 kdr 突变模式差异很大。然而，导致 kdr 突变的潜在机制和因素尚不清楚。为了探讨遗传背景对白纹伊蚊杀虫剂抗性发展的潜在影响，我们分析了中国白纹伊蚊种群的遗传结构及其与主要 kdr 突变的相关性。
方法
我们从 2016 年至 2021 年从中国 11 个省（市）的 17 个地点采集了白纹伊蚊，并从个体成蚊中提取基因组 DNA。我们选择了 8 个微卫星位点进行基因分型，并根据微卫星评分，估计了种内遗传多样性、种群结构和有效种群规模。通过皮尔逊相关系数评估了种群内遗传变异与 F1534 突变率之间的相关性。
结果
基于对代表中国 17 个种群的 453 只蚊子的微卫星位点变异分析，超过 90%的变异发生在个体内部，而只有约 9%的变异发生在种群之间，这表明白纹伊蚊的野外种群具有高度多态性。北方种群倾向于属于基因库 I（BJFT 60.4%，SXXA 58.4%，SDJN 56.1%，SXYC 46.8%），东部种群倾向于属于基因库 III（SH 49.5%，JZHZ 48.1%），而南方种群则倾向于属于三个不同的基因库。此外，我们观察到，固定指数 (F) 越大，VSGC 的 F1534 野生型频率越低。
结论
中国白纹伊蚊种群的遗传分化程度较低。这些种群分为三个基因库，其中北方和东方的基因库较为同质，而南方的基因库则具有异质性。其遗传变异与 kdr 突变之间可能存在的相关性也值得关注。
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