Núñez Batalla Faustino José, Fernández-Cedrón Bermejo Carmen, Guntín García Maite, Sandoval Menéndez Isabel, Fresno Díaz Estefanía, Gómez Martínez Justo Ramón, Llorente Pendás José Luis
Servicio de Otorrinolaringología, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain.
Servicio de Otorrinolaringología, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain.
Acta Otorrinolaringol Esp (Engl Ed). 2023 Sep-Oct;74(5):283-289. doi: 10.1016/j.otoeng.2022.10.007. Epub 2023 May 4.
To determine the percentage of children with permanent bilateral postnatal hearing loss in order to study its incidence, related risk factors, diagnosis and treatment.
Retrospective study to collect data on children diagnosed with hearing loss outside the neonatal period in the Hearing Loss Unit of the Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, from April 2014 to April 2021.
52 cases met the inclusion criteria. The detection rate of congenital hearing loss in the neonatal screening programme in the same study period was 1.5 children per thousand newborns per year, adding postnatal hearing loss results in a rate of infant bilateral hearing loss of 2.7 children per thousand (55.5% and 44.4% respectively). Thirty-five children presented risk factors for hearing loss, of which 23 were at retrocochlear risk. The mean age at referral was 91.9 (18-185) months. Hearing aid fitting was indicated in 44 cases (84.6%). Cochlear implantation was indicated in eight cases (15.4%).
Although congenital hearing loss accounts for the majority of childhood deafness, postnatal hearing loss has a significant incidence. This may be mainly due to: (1) that hearing impairment may arise in the first years of life, (2) that mild hearing loss as well as hearing loss in severe frequencies are undetectable by neonatal screening in some cases, (3) that some children may have false negative results.
postnatal hearing loss requires identification of risk factors and long-term follow-up of children with hearing loss, as it needs to be detected and treated early.
确定永久性双侧产后听力损失儿童的比例，以研究其发病率、相关危险因素、诊断和治疗。
进行回顾性研究，收集2014年4月至2021年4月在阿斯图里亚斯中央大学医院听力损失科诊断为新生儿期后听力损失的儿童数据。
52例符合纳入标准。在同一研究期间，新生儿筛查项目中先天性听力损失的检出率为每年每千名新生儿中有1.5名儿童，加上产后听力损失，婴儿双侧听力损失率为每千名儿童中有2.7名（分别为55.5%和44.4%）。35名儿童存在听力损失的危险因素，其中23名存在蜗后风险。转诊时的平均年龄为91.9（18 - 185）个月。44例（84.6%）建议佩戴助听器。8例（15.4%）建议进行人工耳蜗植入。
虽然先天性听力损失占儿童期耳聋的大多数，但产后听力损失的发病率也很高。这可能主要是由于：（1）听力障碍可能在生命的头几年出现，（2）在某些情况下，新生儿筛查无法检测到轻度听力损失以及严重频率的听力损失，（3）一些儿童可能有假阴性结果。
产后听力损失需要识别危险因素并对听力损失儿童进行长期随访，因为需要早期发现和治疗。
