Valasi Lydia, Zafeiri Evangelia C, Thanou Ioanna, Pappas Christos S
Laboratory of Chemistry, Department of Food Science & Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855, Greece.
Heliyon. 2023 Apr 20;9(5):e15623. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e15623. eCollection 2023 May.
Headspace solid-phase microextraction followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME/GC-MS) represents the most used solvent-free methodology for the characterization of the complex and heterogeneous mix of volatile compounds. The present study investigates the differences in volatile profile of pistachio oils 'Aegina' cultivar extracted with two different techniques, ultrasound assisted extraction (UAE) and Soxhlet. Differences were observed both in the pistachio oil yield and the composition of the volatile compounds among these two groups of samples, which were significantly influenced due to the different thermal conditions. In terms of pistachio oil yield, the Soxhlet extraction technique was proven more efficient (52.5-68.2% w/w) than the UAE type (28.2-42.6% w/w). A total of 34 and 30 volatile compounds were identified for UAE and Soxhlet, respectively. The main ones associated with UAE were α-pinene, octane and decane, while the volatiles formed as a consequence of Soxhlet extraction were decane, nonanal and ()-2-decenal. Terpenes' concentrations were found decreased in Soxhlet's samples, but hydrocarbons and aldehydes were significantly increased in these samples. Numerous studies concluded in common results. However, this article is the first to explore the influence of different extraction types on the volatile profile of the unique flavour and odor pistachio oil 'Aegina' cultivar.
顶空固相微萃取结合气相色谱 - 质谱联用（HS - SPME/GC - MS）是表征挥发性化合物复杂异质混合物时最常用的无溶剂方法。本研究调查了用两种不同技术（超声辅助萃取（UAE）和索氏提取法）提取的阿伊纳（'Aegina'）品种开心果油挥发性成分的差异。在这两组样品中，开心果油产量和挥发性化合物组成均存在差异，这些差异受不同热条件的显著影响。就开心果油产量而言，索氏提取技术（52.5 - 68.2% w/w）比超声辅助萃取法（28.2 - 42.6% w/w）更有效。超声辅助萃取法和索氏提取法分别鉴定出34种和30种挥发性化合物。与超声辅助萃取法相关的主要挥发性化合物是α - 蒎烯、辛烷和癸烷，而索氏提取法产生的挥发性化合物是癸烷、壬醛和（） - 2 - 癸烯醛。发现索氏提取法样品中萜类化合物浓度降低，但这些样品中的烃类和醛类显著增加。许多研究得出了共同的结果。然而，本文首次探讨了不同提取类型对独特风味和气味的阿伊纳（'Aegina'）品种开心果油挥发性成分的影响。
