Bukuno Silas, Asholie Agunie, Girma Zeleke, Haji Yusuf
Resident at Ethiopian Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Program, School of Public Health, Hawassa University, Hawassa, Ethiopia.
College of Medicine and Health Science, School of Public Health, Hawassa University, Hawassa, Ethiopia.
Infect Drug Resist. 2023 May 4;16:2681-2694. doi: 10.2147/IDR.S405802. eCollection 2023.
A measles outbreak can occur in the presence of an increased number of unvaccinated children; however, the vaccine was available many decades ago, and it is the foremost cause of child mortality, claiming 568 lives (mostly children) worldwide each day. The investigation was aimed at assessing the magnitude and identifying contributing factors for the measles outbreak in the Garda Marta District of Gamo Zone, Southwestern Ethiopia.
From January 20 to February 10, 2022, a descriptive and unmatched case-control study was used to describe the measles outbreak and identify the associated risk factors for measles infection. The descriptive analysis employed all 140 cases from the line list, while the case-control study used 51 cases and 102 controls to investigate factors associated with measles infection. Epi-data version 4.6.0.6 was used to code and enter data, which was then exported to SPSS version 27 for analysis. A standardized questionnaire was used to collect data. To declare statistical significance for the association, multivariable logistic regression with an adjusted odds ratio (AOR) and 95% CI was used.
From a total of 140 measles cases reported from October 12, 2021, to March 09, 2022, 75 (54%) were females. Marta Laddo kebele was most affected (104 cases). Being unvaccinated (AOR: 2.84, 95% CI: 1.10-7.32), having a travel history (AOR: 4.24, 95% CI: 1.61-11.15), having a contact history (AOR: 6.34, 95% CI: 2.35-17.40), being unaware of the mode of transmission (AOR: 2.68, 95% CI: 1.16-6.37), and having moderate acute malnutrition (AOR: 4.44, 95% CI: 1.74-11.31) were factors significantly associated with the measles outbreak.
Being unvaccinated, travel history to measles outbreak area, contact history, knowledge of caretakers/mothers on the mode of transmission, and acute malnutrition were associated with the measles outbreak in the district. Therefore, strengthening routine measles immunization, mounting vaccination awareness and nutritional screening are recommended.
在未接种疫苗的儿童数量增加的情况下可能会发生麻疹疫情；然而，疫苗在几十年前就已问世，它是儿童死亡的首要原因，全球每天有568人（大多数是儿童）因此丧生。此次调查旨在评估埃塞俄比亚西南部加莫地区加达马尔塔区麻疹疫情的规模，并确定相关影响因素。
2022年1月20日至2月10日，采用描述性非匹配病例对照研究来描述麻疹疫情，并确定麻疹感染的相关危险因素。描述性分析采用了病例一览表中的所有140例病例，而病例对照研究则使用了51例病例和102例对照来调查与麻疹感染相关的因素。使用Epi - data 4.6.0.6版本对数据进行编码和录入，然后导出到SPSS 27版本进行分析。使用标准化问卷收集数据。为了宣布关联具有统计学意义，采用了调整比值比（AOR）和95%置信区间的多变量逻辑回归分析。
在2021年10月12日至2022年3月9日期间报告的总共140例麻疹病例中，75例（54%）为女性。马尔塔·拉多凯贝勒受影响最严重（104例）。未接种疫苗（AOR：2.84，95%置信区间：1.10 - 7.32）、有旅行史（AOR：4.24，95%置信区间：1.61 - 11.15）、有接触史（AOR：6.34，95%置信区间：2.35 - 17.40）、不了解传播方式（AOR：2.68，95%置信区间：1.16 - 6.37）以及患有中度急性营养不良（AOR：4.44，95%置信区间：1.74 - 11.31）是与麻疹疫情显著相关的因素。
未接种疫苗、前往麻疹疫情地区的旅行史、接触史、看护人/母亲对传播方式的了解以及急性营养不良与该地区的麻疹疫情有关。因此，建议加强常规麻疹免疫接种、提高疫苗接种意识和进行营养筛查。
