W/Kidan Fekede, Getachew Dawit, Mekonnen Besufekad, Woldeselassie Hammeso Workineh
School of Public Health Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Collage of Medicine and Health Science, Mizan-Tepi University, Mizan-Aman, Ethiopia.
School of Public Health Department of Public Health, Collage of Medicine and Health Science, Mizan-Tepi University, Mizan-Aman, Ethiopia.
Infect Drug Resist. 2021 Mar 11;14:963-970. doi: 10.2147/IDR.S296928. eCollection 2021.
Measles is a serious respiratory disease that is spread easily through coughing and sneezing of the measles virus for which humans are the only reservoir. Even though prevention and elimination strategies had been implemented, the outbreaks of measles infection quietly occur in different parts of the world. As of November 2019 a suspected measles outbreak was reported from Tepi campus student's clinic. We investigated the outbreak to determine its possible sources, control measures and identify associated risk factors among students of Mizan-Tepi University.
A facility based unmatched case-control study was conducted. An interviewer administered questionnaire was used to collect the data. Data were cleaned and entered to Epi-info7 and analyzed using SPSS-20. A logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify risk factors associated with measles outbreak at a p-value ≤0.05.
A total of 40 measles cases were reported during the investigation. The probable source of the outbreak was an index case who had a travel history to a district with the measles epidemic. Five samples were collected for confirmation of the diagnosis. No measles-related deaths were reported. The major risk factors for measles infection in Mizan-Tepi University were being unvaccinated [AOR = 5.21, 95% CI (1.938, 12.058)], being female [AOR = 4.21, 95% CI (1.426, 11.182)], age group of 18-20 [AOR = 0.123, 95% CI (0.041, 0.37)] and having a contact history [AOR = 0.149, 95% CI (0.041, 0.544)].
The findings of the present investigation indicated that being unvaccinated and having a contact history with confirmed or suspected cases increased the risk of measles infection. Reduction in the level of protective antibodies over time may accelerate transmission of measles in the campus. Strengthening case-based surveillance and supplemental measles vaccination are imperative.
麻疹是一种严重的呼吸道疾病，可通过麻疹病毒的咳嗽和打喷嚏轻易传播，人类是其唯一宿主。尽管已实施预防和消除策略，但世界各地仍不时爆发麻疹感染疫情。截至2019年11月，米赞-泰皮校区学生诊所报告了一起疑似麻疹疫情。我们对此次疫情进行了调查，以确定其可能来源、控制措施，并识别米赞-泰皮大学学生中的相关风险因素。
开展了一项基于机构的非匹配病例对照研究。使用访谈式问卷收集数据。数据进行清理后录入Epi-info7，并使用SPSS-20进行分析。进行逻辑回归分析以识别与麻疹疫情相关的风险因素，p值≤0.05。
调查期间共报告40例麻疹病例。此次疫情的可能源头是一名有前往麻疹流行地区旅行史的指示病例。采集了5份样本用于确诊。未报告与麻疹相关的死亡病例。米赞-泰皮大学麻疹感染的主要风险因素包括未接种疫苗[AOR = 5.21，95%CI(1.938, 12.058)]、女性[AOR = 4.21，95%CI(1.426, 11.182)]、18 - 20岁年龄组[AOR = 0.123，95%CI(0.041, 0.37)]以及有接触史[AOR = 0.149，95%CI(0.041, 0.544)]。
本次调查结果表明，未接种疫苗以及与确诊或疑似病例有接触史会增加麻疹感染风险。随着时间推移，保护性抗体水平降低可能会加速校园内麻疹传播。加强基于病例的监测和补充麻疹疫苗接种势在必行。
