Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore.
School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering, and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technology University, 62 Nanyang Drive, N1.2-B3, Singapore, 637459, Singapore.
Stem Cell Res Ther. 2023 May 12;14(1):129. doi: 10.1186/s13287-023-03363-y.
Stem cells possess the unique ability to differentiate into specialized cell types. These specialized cell types can be used for regenerative medicine purposes such as cell therapy. Myosatellite cells, also known as skeletal muscle stem cells (MuSCs), play important roles in the growth, repair, and regeneration of skeletal muscle tissues. However, despite its therapeutic potential, the successful differentiation, proliferation, and expansion processes of MuSCs remain a significant challenge due to a variety of factors. For example, the growth and differentiation of MuSCs can be greatly influenced by actively replicating the MuSCs microenvironment (known as the niche) using mechanical forces. However, the molecular role of mechanobiology in MuSC growth, proliferation, and differentiation for regenerative medicine is still poorly understood. In this present review, we comprehensively summarize, compare, and critically analyze how different mechanical cues shape stem cell growth, proliferation, differentiation, and their potential role in disease development (Fig. 1). The insights developed from the mechanobiology of stem cells will also contribute to how these applications can be used for regenerative purposes using MuSCs.
干细胞具有分化为特定细胞类型的独特能力。这些特定的细胞类型可用于再生医学目的,如细胞治疗。肌卫星细胞,也称为骨骼肌干细胞(MuSCs),在骨骼肌组织的生长、修复和再生中发挥重要作用。然而,尽管具有治疗潜力,但 MuSCs 的成功分化、增殖和扩增过程仍然是一个重大挑战,这是由于多种因素造成的。例如,MuSCs 微环境(称为小生境)的生长和分化可以通过利用机械力积极复制 MuSCs 来极大地影响。然而,机械生物学在 MuSC 生长、增殖和分化中的分子作用对于再生医学仍然知之甚少。在这篇综述中,我们全面总结、比较和批判性分析了不同的机械线索如何塑造干细胞的生长、增殖、分化,以及它们在疾病发展中的潜在作用(图 1)。从干细胞的机械生物学中获得的见解也将有助于了解如何将这些应用用于 MuSCs 的再生目的。