Pole of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), 57 Avenue Hippocrate, 1200 Brussels, Belgium.
Int J Mol Sci. 2023 Apr 24;24(9):7745. doi: 10.3390/ijms24097745.
Adipose tissue and its diverse cell types constitute one of the largest endocrine organs. With multiple depot locations, adipose tissue plays an important regulatory role through paracrine and endocrine communication, particularly through the secretion of a wide range of bioactive molecules, such as nucleic acids, proteins, lipids or adipocytokines. Over the past several years, research has uncovered a myriad of interorgan communication signals mediated by small lipid-derived nanovesicles known as extracellular vesicles (EVs), in which secreted bioactive molecules are stably transported as cargo molecules and delivered to adjacent cells or remote organs. EVs constitute an essential part of the human adipose secretome, and there is a growing body of evidence showing the crucial implications of adipose-derived EVs in the regulation of heart function and its adaptative capacity. The adipose tissue modifications and dysfunction observed in obesity and aging tremendously affect the adipose-EV secretome, with important consequences for the myocardium. The present review presents a comprehensive analysis of the findings in this novel area of research, reports the key roles played by adipose-derived EVs in interorgan cross-talk with the heart and discusses their implications in physiological and pathological conditions affecting adipose tissue and/or the heart (pressure overload, ischemia, diabetic cardiomyopathy, etc.).
脂肪组织及其多种细胞类型构成了最大的内分泌器官之一。脂肪组织具有多个储存部位，通过旁分泌和内分泌通讯发挥重要的调节作用，特别是通过分泌广泛的生物活性分子，如核酸、蛋白质、脂质或脂肪细胞因子。在过去的几年中，研究揭示了由小的脂质衍生纳米囊泡（称为细胞外囊泡 (EVs)）介导的无数种器官间通讯信号，其中分泌的生物活性分子作为货物分子稳定运输，并递送到相邻细胞或远程器官。EVs 是人类脂肪分泌组的重要组成部分，越来越多的证据表明脂肪来源的 EVs 在调节心脏功能及其适应能力方面具有重要意义。肥胖和衰老中观察到的脂肪组织改变和功能障碍极大地影响了脂肪-EV 分泌组，对心肌有重要影响。本综述对这一新兴研究领域的研究结果进行了全面分析，报告了脂肪来源的 EVs 在与心脏的器官间通讯中发挥的关键作用，并讨论了它们在影响脂肪组织和/或心脏的生理和病理条件下的意义（压力超负荷、缺血、糖尿病心肌病等）。
