Zhu Xiaoya, Guo Ruirui, Su Xiayu, Shang Kun, Tan Conglian, Ma Junheng, Zhang Yuemeng, Lin Dan, Ma Yueran, Zhou Min, Yang Jiale, Wu Qiqi, Sun Jiale, Wang Zhuoling, Guo Yuyue, Su Ruifan, Cui Xiangyi, Han Jiming, Lü Yuhong, Yue Changwu
Yan'an Key Laboratory of Microbial Drug Innovation and Transformation, School of Basic Medicine, Yan'an University, Yan'an, Shaanxi, China.
Front Pharmacol. 2023 Apr 25;14:1124607. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1124607. eCollection 2023.
(Sanghuang) is a widely used traditional Chinese medicine fungus, and its natural products have great potential for clinical application in immune enhancement. This study aimed to explore the immune-enhancing activity and underlying mechanisms of the polysaccharides and flavonoids derived from () and to provide a theoretical and experimental basis for the development of novel drugs. Wild YASH1 from the Loess Plateau in Yan'an region was collected, and polysaccharides and total flavonoids were extracted, isolated and identified from mycelium and sporophore. antioxidant activity was detected through the scavenging activity of hydroxyl radicals and total antioxidant capacity. Cell Counting Kit-8 and trypan blue detection kit were used to detect the effect of extract polysaccharides and flavonoids on the proliferation and phagocytosis ability of immune cells. To assess the effect of the drugs on cytokine secretion by immune cells and immune recovery in immunocompromised mice, the expression of interleukin (IL)-2, IL-6, interferon (IFN)-γ, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α were examined at the cellular and animal levels. The species composition, abundance of gut microbiota and the altered content of short-chain fatty acids in the feces were analyzed to elucidate the possible mechanisms of drugs by 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) amplifiers sequencing and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Both polysaccharides and flavonoids derived from mycelium or sporophore had antioxidant activity and may stimulate the expression and secretion of IL-2, IL-6, and IFN-γ in immune cells while inhibiting TNF-α expression and secretion and increasing IL-2, IL-6, and IFN- γ expression levels in mice. Furthermore, polysaccharides and flavonoids from mycelium and sporophore showed different effects on the metabolic response of intestinal short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in mice, and the use of these drugs remarkably changed the species composition and abundance of intestinal flora in mice. Polysaccharides and flavonoids from YASH1 mycelium and sporophore have antioxidant activity, and they affect the promotion of cell proliferation, stimulation of IL-2, IL-6, and IFN-γ secretion, and inhibition of TNF-α expression in immune cells. Polysaccharides and flavonoids from YASH1 may enhance immunity in immunocompromised mice and remarkably affect the intestinal flora and content of SCFAs.
桑黄是一种广泛应用的中药材真菌，其天然产物在免疫增强方面具有巨大的临床应用潜力。本研究旨在探讨桑黄中多糖和黄酮类化合物的免疫增强活性及其潜在机制，为新型药物的开发提供理论和实验依据。采集了来自延安地区黄土高原的野生桑黄菌株，从菌丝体和子实体中提取、分离并鉴定了多糖和总黄酮。通过羟自由基清除活性和总抗氧化能力检测其抗氧化活性。使用细胞计数试剂盒-8和台盼蓝检测试剂盒检测提取物多糖和黄酮类化合物对免疫细胞增殖和吞噬能力的影响。为了评估药物对免疫细胞细胞因子分泌和免疫功能低下小鼠免疫恢复的影响，在细胞和动物水平上检测了白细胞介素（IL）-2、IL-6、干扰素（IFN）-γ和肿瘤坏死因子（TNF）-α的表达。通过16S核糖体RNA（rRNA）扩增子测序和液相色谱-串联质谱（LC-MS/MS）分析粪便中肠道微生物群的物种组成、丰度以及短链脂肪酸含量的变化，以阐明药物的可能作用机制。菌丝体或子实体来源的多糖和黄酮类化合物均具有抗氧化活性，可能刺激免疫细胞中IL-2、IL-6和IFN-γ的表达和分泌，同时抑制TNF-α的表达和分泌，并提高小鼠体内IL-2、IL-6和IFN-γ的表达水平。此外，菌丝体和子实体中的多糖和黄酮类化合物对小鼠肠道短链脂肪酸（SCFAs）的代谢反应有不同影响，使用这些药物显著改变了小鼠肠道菌群的物种组成和丰度。桑黄菌丝体和子实体中的多糖和黄酮类化合物具有抗氧化活性，它们影响免疫细胞中细胞增殖的促进、IL-2、IL-6和IFN-γ分泌的刺激以及TNF-α表达的抑制。桑黄中的多糖和黄酮类化合物可能增强免疫功能低下小鼠的免疫力，并显著影响肠道菌群和SCFAs的含量。
