Candida chorioamnionitis diagnosed by amniocentesis with subsequent fetal infection.

Isolation of Candida albicans from the vaginal secretions of pregnant women occurs with an incidence of 5-23%. Intrauterine infection caused by Candida during pregnancy is relatively rare; only 81 cases, all diagnosed after delivery, have been reported. We report six cases of candidal chorioamnionitis diagnosed by amniocentesis and confirmed by histologic studies, associated with preterm labor and delivery of five viable infants. Three of the six maternal patients had intrauterine contraceptive devices in situ. Three infants had a diagnosis of congenital cutaneous candidiasis and two had congenital systemic candidiasis, one with monilial pneumonia, and one with meningitis and septicemia. All viable neonates were treated successfully. The sixth, a very immature infant, died soon after delivery. Torulopsis (Candida) glabrata was isolated from this amniotic fluid. C. Albicans is a pathogen that potentially may cause chorioamnionitis and has been associated with high mortality (94%) in infants weighing less than 1500 gm. Use of amniocentesis in patients with preterm labor may allow early detection of subclinical candidal chorioamnionitis, thus guiding appropriate perinatal management.