University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.
BMC Infect Dis. 2023 May 15;23(1):324. doi: 10.1186/s12879-022-07968-1.
SARS-CoV-2 is primarily transmitted through person-to-person contacts. It is important to collect information on age-specific contact patterns because SARS-CoV-2 susceptibility, transmission, and morbidity vary by age. To reduce the risk of infection, social distancing measures have been implemented. Social contact data, which identify who has contact with whom especially by age and place are needed to identify high-risk groups and serve to inform the design of non-pharmaceutical interventions. We estimated and used negative binomial regression to compare the number of daily contacts during the first round (April-May 2020) of the Minnesota Social Contact Study, based on respondent's age, gender, race/ethnicity, region, and other demographic characteristics. We used information on the age and location of contacts to generate age-structured contact matrices. Finally, we compared the age-structured contact matrices during the stay-at-home order to pre-pandemic matrices. During the state-wide stay-home order, the mean daily number of contacts was 5.7. We found significant variation in contacts by age, gender, race, and region. Adults between 40 and 50 years had the highest number of contacts. The way race/ethnicity was coded influenced patterns between groups. Respondents living in Black households (which includes many White respondents living in inter-racial households with black family members) had 2.7 more contacts than respondents in White households; we did not find this same pattern when we focused on individual's reported race/ethnicity. Asian or Pacific Islander respondents or in API households had approximately the same number of contacts as respondents in White households. Respondents in Hispanic households had approximately two fewer contacts compared to White households, likewise Hispanic respondents had three fewer contacts than White respondents. Most contacts were with other individuals in the same age group. Compared to the pre-pandemic period, the biggest declines occurred in contacts between children, and contacts between those over 60 with those below 60.
SARS-CoV-2 主要通过人与人之间的接触传播。收集特定年龄段的接触模式信息非常重要，因为 SARS-CoV-2 的易感性、传播和发病率因年龄而异。为了降低感染风险，已经实施了社交距离措施。需要社会接触数据来识别谁与谁接触，特别是按年龄和地点进行识别，以确定高风险人群，并为非药物干预措施的设计提供信息。我们根据受访者的年龄、性别、种族/民族、地区和其他人口统计学特征，估计并使用负二项回归来比较明尼苏达州社会接触研究第一轮（2020 年 4 月至 5 月）期间的每日接触次数。我们使用接触者的年龄和地点信息来生成年龄结构的接触矩阵。最后，我们将居家令期间的年龄结构接触矩阵与大流行前的矩阵进行了比较。在全州范围内的居家令期间，平均每日接触次数为 5.7 次。我们发现接触次数因年龄、性别、种族和地区而异。40 至 50 岁的成年人接触次数最多。种族/民族的编码方式会影响组间的模式。居住在黑人家庭的受访者（其中包括许多与黑人家庭成员居住在跨种族家庭中的白人受访者）的接触次数比白人家庭的受访者多 2.7 次；当我们关注个人报告的种族/民族时，我们没有发现这种相同的模式。亚裔或太平洋岛裔受访者或在 API 家庭中的受访者与白人家庭中的受访者接触次数大致相同。西班牙裔家庭的受访者的接触次数比白人家庭的受访者少约两成，同样地，西班牙裔受访者的接触次数比白人受访者少三成。大多数接触都是与同年龄段的其他人。与大流行前时期相比，儿童之间以及 60 岁以上人群与 60 岁以下人群之间的接触减少幅度最大。
