Hernanz Lobo Alicia, Berzosa Sánchez Arantxa, Escolano Lucía, Pérez Muñoz Sara, Gerig Nathalia, Sainz Talía, Mellado Peña María Jose, García López Hortelano Milagros
Pediatric Infectious Diseases Department, Gregorio Marañón University Hospital, 28007 Madrid, Spain.
Gregorio Marañón Research Health Institute (IiSGM), Translational Research in Pediatric Infectious Diseases (RITIP), 28007 Madrid, Spain.
Children (Basel). 2023 Apr 5;10(4):690. doi: 10.3390/children10040690.
International adoption has declined in recent years, although the adoption of children with special needs has arisen. We aim to describe our experience in the international adoption of children with special needs and to analyze the concordance between the pathologies included in pre-adoption reports and the diagnosis made upon arrival. We conducted a retrospective descriptive study including internationally adopted children with special needs evaluated at a reference Spanish unit between 2016 and 2019. Epidemiological and clinical variables were collected from medical records, and pre-adoption reports were compared to established diagnoses following their evaluation and complementary tests. Fifty-seven children were included: 36.8% females, a median age of 27 months [IQR:17-39], mostly coming from China (63.2%) and Vietnam (31.6%). The main pathologies described in the pre-adoption reports were congenital surgical malformations (40.3%), hematological (22.6%), and neurological (24.6%). The initial diagnosis that motivated the international adoption via special needs was confirmed in 79% of the children. After evaluation, 14% were diagnosed with weight and growth delay, and 17.5% with microcephaly, not previously reported. Infectious diseases were also prevalent (29.8%). According to our series, the pre-adoption reports of children with special needs appear accurate, with a low rate of new diagnoses. Pre-existing conditions were confirmed in almost 80% of cases.
近年来，国际收养数量有所下降，不过对有特殊需求儿童的收养有所增加。我们旨在描述我们在国际收养有特殊需求儿童方面的经验，并分析收养前报告中所包含的病症与抵达后所做诊断之间的一致性。我们进行了一项回顾性描述性研究，纳入了2016年至2019年期间在西班牙一家参考机构接受评估的国际收养的有特殊需求儿童。从医疗记录中收集了流行病学和临床变量，并将收养前报告与评估及补充检查后的既定诊断进行了比较。共纳入57名儿童：女性占36.8%，中位年龄为27个月[四分位间距：17 - 39]，大多数来自中国（63.2%）和越南（31.6%）。收养前报告中描述的主要病症为先天性外科畸形（40.3%）、血液学病症（22.6%）和神经学病症（24.6%）。通过特殊需求进行国际收养的初始诊断在79%的儿童中得到证实。评估后，14%的儿童被诊断为体重和生长发育迟缓，17.5%被诊断为小头畸形，这些之前未报告过。传染病也很普遍（29.8%）。根据我们的系列研究，有特殊需求儿童的收养前报告似乎是准确的，新诊断率较低。在近80%的病例中，原有病症得到了证实。
