Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
Methods Mol Biol. 2023;2660:235-246. doi: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3163-8_16.
The tumor microenvironment (TME), composed of immune cells, antigens, and local soluble factors, is integral to cancer development and progression. Traditional techniques such as immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, or flow cytometry limit the analysis of spatial data and cellular interactions within the TME, as they are restricted to colocalization of a small number of antigens or the loss of tissue architecture. Multiplex fluorescent immunohistochemistry (mfIHC) allows for detection of multiple antigens within a single tissue sample, providing a more comprehensive description of tissue composition and spatial interactions within the TME. This technique utilizes antigen retrieval, application of primary and secondary antibodies, followed by a tyramide-based chemical reaction to covalently bind a fluorophore to an epitope of interest and, eventually, stripping of the antibodies. This allows for multiple rounds of antibody application without concern for species cross-reactivity, as well as signal amplification which abrogates the autofluorescence that frequently plagues analysis of fixed tissues. As such, mfIHC can be used to quantify multiple cellular populations and their interactions, in situ, unlocking key biologic data that was previously unavailable. This chapter provides an overview of the experimental design, staining, and imaging strategies using a manual technique in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue sections.
肿瘤微环境(TME)由免疫细胞、抗原和局部可溶性因子组成,是癌症发生和发展的重要组成部分。传统技术,如免疫组织化学、免疫荧光或流式细胞术,限制了对 TME 中空间数据和细胞相互作用的分析,因为它们仅限于少数抗原的共定位或组织架构的丢失。多重荧光免疫组织化学(mfIHC)允许在单个组织样本中检测多种抗原,从而更全面地描述 TME 中的组织成分和空间相互作用。该技术利用抗原修复、一抗和二抗的应用,然后进行基于酪胺的化学反应,将荧光团共价结合到感兴趣的表位上,最终洗脱抗体。这允许进行多轮抗体应用,而无需担心物种交叉反应,并且信号放大消除了固定组织分析中经常出现的自发荧光。因此,mfIHC 可用于定量分析多个细胞群体及其相互作用,原位解锁以前无法获得的关键生物学数据。本章提供了在福尔马林固定石蜡包埋组织切片中使用手动技术进行实验设计、染色和成像策略的概述。