Wolfson Atmospheric Chemistry Laboratories, University of York, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom.
National Centre for Atmospheric Science, University of York, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom.
Environ Sci Technol. 2023 May 30;57(21):8026-8034. doi: 10.1021/acs.est.3c00845. Epub 2023 May 16.
There are widespread policy assumptions that the phase-out of gasoline and diesel internal combustion engines will over time lead to much reduced emissions of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) from road transport and related fuels. However, the use of real-world emissions measurements from a new mobile air quality monitoring station demonstrated a large underestimation of alcohol-based species in road transport emissions inventories. Scaling of industry sales statistics enabled the discrepancy to be attributed to the use of ancillary solvent products such as screenwash and deicer which are not included in internationally applied vehicle emission methodologies. A fleet average nonfuel nonexhaust VOC emission factor of 58 ± 39 mg veh km was calculated for the missing source, which is greater than the total of all VOCs emitted from vehicle exhausts and their associated evaporative fuel losses. These emissions are independent of the vehicle energy/propulsion system and therefore applicable to all road vehicle types including those with battery-electric powertrains. In contrast to predictions, vehicle VOC emissions may actually increase given a predicted growth in total vehicle kilometers driven in a future electrified fleet and will undergo a complete VOC respeciation due to the source change.
人们普遍认为，随着时间的推移，汽油和柴油内燃机的逐步淘汰将导致道路交通和相关燃料的挥发性有机化合物（VOC）排放量大幅减少。然而，利用新的移动空气质量监测站的实际排放测量结果表明，道路交通排放清单中对醇类物质的估算严重不足。通过对行业销售统计数据的分析，可以将这种差异归因于辅助溶剂产品的使用，如挡风玻璃清洗液和除冰剂，这些产品未包含在国际上应用的车辆排放方法中。对于缺失的来源，计算出车队平均非燃料非尾气 VOC 排放因子为 58 ± 39 mg veh km，这大于车辆尾气及其相关蒸发燃料损失所排放的所有 VOC 的总和。这些排放与车辆的能量/推进系统无关，因此适用于所有类型的道路车辆，包括具有电池电动动力系统的车辆。与预测相反，在未来的电气化车队中，由于总行驶里程的预计增长，车辆 VOC 排放量实际上可能会增加，并且由于来源的变化，VOC 种类将发生完全变化。
