Division of Gastroenterology, UC San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
Department of Clinical Psychology, San Diego State University/University of California, San Diego Joint Doctoral Program, 6363 Alvarado Court, San Diego, CA 92120, USA.
Gastroenterol Clin North Am. 2023 Jun;52(2):347-362. doi: 10.1016/j.gtc.2023.03.009. Epub 2023 Apr 7.
The obesity epidemic is caused by the misalignment between human biology and the modern food environment, which has led to unhealthy eating patterns and behaviors and an increase in metabolic diseases. This has been caused by the shift from a "leptogenic" to an "obesogenic" food environment, characterized by the availability of unhealthy food and the ability to eat at any time of day due to advances in technology. Binge Eating Disorder (BED) is the most commonly diagnosed eating disorder, characterized by recurrent episodes of binge eating and a sense of loss of control over eating, and is treated with cognitive-behavioral therapy-enhanced (CBT-E). Shift work, especially night shift work, can disrupt the body's natural circadian rhythms and increase the risk of obesity and other negative health consequences, such as cardiovascular disease and metabolic syndrome. One dietary approach to address circadian dysregulation is time-restricted eating (TRE), which involves restricting food intake to specific periods of the day to synchronize the body's internal clock with the external environment. TRE has been found to cause modest weight loss and improve metabolic outcomes such as insulin sensitivity and blood pressure, but the extent to which it is beneficial may depend on adherence and other factors such as caloric restriction.
肥胖症的流行是由于人类生物学与现代食物环境之间的不匹配造成的，这导致了不健康的饮食模式和行为，并增加了代谢性疾病的发病率。这种不匹配是由从“瘦素生成型”环境向“肥胖生成型”环境的转变引起的，其特征是不健康食物的可获得性以及由于技术进步而能够在一天中的任何时间进食。暴食障碍（BED）是最常见的饮食障碍，其特征是反复发作的暴食和对进食失去控制的感觉，治疗方法是采用认知行为治疗增强版（CBT-E）。轮班工作，尤其是夜班工作，会打乱人体的自然昼夜节律，增加肥胖和其他负面健康后果（如心血管疾病和代谢综合征）的风险。一种解决昼夜节律失调的饮食方法是限时进食（TRE），它涉及将食物摄入量限制在一天中的特定时间段内，以使身体的内部时钟与外部环境同步。TRE 已被发现可适度减轻体重，并改善代谢结果，如胰岛素敏感性和血压，但它的益处程度可能取决于依从性和其他因素，如热量限制。
