Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 5B2, Canada.
Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland BT9 7AE, U.K.
Biochem Soc Trans. 2023 Jun 28;51(3):1047-1056. doi: 10.1042/BST20221037.
Interferons (IFNs) are crucial components of the cellular innate immune response to viral infections. The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has shown a remarkable capacity to suppress the host IFN production to benefit viral replication and spread. Thus far, of the 28 known virus-encoded proteins, 16 have been found to impair the host's innate immune system at various levels ranging from detection and signaling to transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation of expression of the components of the cellular antiviral response. Additionally, there is evidence that the viral genome encodes non-protein-coding microRNA-like elements that could also target IFN-stimulated genes. In this brief review, we summarise the current state of knowledge regarding the factors and mechanisms by which SARS-CoV-2 impairs the production of IFNs and thereby dampens the host's innate antiviral immune response.
干扰素（IFNs）是细胞固有免疫应答病毒感染的关键组成部分。严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒 2（SARS-CoV-2）表现出显著抑制宿主 IFN 产生的能力，以利于病毒复制和传播。迄今为止，在已知的 28 种病毒编码蛋白中，发现其中 16 种在不同层面上损害宿主固有免疫系统，包括检测和信号转导，以及细胞抗病毒反应组成部分的转录和转录后表达调控。此外，有证据表明，病毒基因组编码非蛋白编码的 miRNA 样元件，也可以靶向 IFN 刺激基因。在这篇简要综述中，我们总结了目前关于 SARS-CoV-2 如何损害 IFN 产生从而抑制宿主固有抗病毒免疫应答的相关因素和机制的知识状态。
