Kalmukova Olesia, Raksha Nataliia, Vovk Tetiana, Halenova Tetiana, Dzerzhynsky Mykola, Mitrecic Dinko, Savchuk Olexiy, Ostapchenko Ludmila
Department of Biochemistry, Educational and Scientific Centre "Institute of Biology and Medicine", Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, 64/13, Volodymyrska Street, Kyiv, Ukraine.
Department of Cytology, Histology and Reproductive Medicine, Educational and Scientific Centre "Institute of Biology and Medicine", Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, 64/13, Volodymyrska Street, Kyiv, Ukraine.
Food Technol Biotechnol. 2023 Mar;61(1):51-63. doi: 10.17113/ftb.61.01.23.7926.
Despite clearly recognized links between increased body mass and increased risk for various pathological conditions, therapeutic options to treat obesity are still very limited. The aim of the present study is to explore the effect of low-molecular-mass collagen fragments obtained from the scales of Antarctic wild marine fish on rats' visceral and subcutaneous white adipose tissue in a high-calorie diet-induced obesity model.
The study was conducted on outbred rats, which were divided into 3 experimental groups: () control, consuming standard food (3.81 kcal/g), () obese group, consuming a high-calorie diet (5.35 kcal/g), and () obese group, consuming a high-calorie diet (5.35 kcal/g) with intragastric administration of low-molecular-mass collagen fragments (at a dose 1 g/kg of body mass during 6 weeks). Low-molecular-mass collagen fragments were obtained by a procedure that included collagen extraction from fish scales and enzymatic hydrolysis with pepsin. Apart from hematoxylin and eosin staining, fibrosis level was assessed by histochemical Van Gieson's trichrome picrofuchsin staining, and mast cells were analysed by toluidine blue O staining.
Group treated with low-molecular-mass fragments of collagen exhibited decreased rate of mass gain, relative mass, area occupied by collagen fibre of both visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue, and cross-sectional area of both visceral and subcutaneous adipocytes. Treatment with low-molecular-mass fragments of collagen reduced the infiltration of immune cells, number of mast cells and their redistribution back to the septa. This was also accompanied by a decreased number of the crown-like structures formed by the immune cells, which are markers of chronic inflammation that accompanies obesity.
This is the first study that reports the anti-obesity effect of low-molecular-mass fragments produced as a result of controlled hydrolysis of collagen from the scales of Antarctic wild marine fish in the model. Another novelty of this work is the observation that the tested collagen fragments not only reduce the body mass, but also improve the morphological and inflammatory parameters (decrease in the number of crown-like structures, immune cell infiltration, fibrosis and mast cells). Altogether, our work suggests that low-molecular-mass collagen fragments are a promising candidate for amelioration of some comorbidities linked to obesity.
尽管体重增加与各种病理状况风险增加之间的联系已得到明确认识，但治疗肥胖症的选择仍然非常有限。本研究的目的是在高热量饮食诱导的肥胖模型中，探索从南极野生海鱼鳞片中提取的低分子质量胶原蛋白片段对大鼠内脏和皮下白色脂肪组织的影响。
本研究以远交系大鼠为实验对象，将其分为3个实验组：（1）对照组，食用标准食物（3.81千卡/克）；（2）肥胖组，食用高热量饮食（5.35千卡/克）；（3）肥胖组，食用高热量饮食（5.35千卡/克）并胃内给予低分子质量胶原蛋白片段（剂量为1克/千克体重，持续6周）。低分子质量胶原蛋白片段通过从鱼鳞中提取胶原蛋白并经胃蛋白酶进行酶解的方法获得。除苏木精-伊红染色外，通过组织化学的范吉森三色苦味品红染色评估纤维化程度，通过甲苯胺蓝O染色分析肥大细胞。
用低分子质量胶原蛋白片段处理的组，其体重增加率、相对质量、内脏和皮下脂肪组织的胶原纤维所占面积以及内脏和皮下脂肪细胞的横截面积均降低。用低分子质量胶原蛋白片段处理可减少免疫细胞浸润、肥大细胞数量及其重新分布至隔膜。这还伴随着免疫细胞形成的冠状结构数量减少，这些结构是肥胖症伴随的慢性炎症的标志物。
这是第一项报道在该模型中，南极野生海鱼鳞片胶原蛋白经可控水解产生的低分子质量片段具有抗肥胖作用的研究。这项工作的另一个新颖之处在于观察到，所测试的胶原蛋白片段不仅能减轻体重，还能改善形态学和炎症参数（冠状结构数量减少、免疫细胞浸润、纤维化和肥大细胞减少）。总之，我们的研究表明，低分子质量胶原蛋白片段是改善一些与肥胖相关的合并症的有前景的候选物。
