Kim Jinkyung, Chung Yeo Ju
Cha University, Seongnam, Gyeonggi, South Korea.
Front Psychiatry. 2023 May 2;14:1172079. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1172079. eCollection 2023.
In art therapy, digital art therapy is a new method in which clients use digital media to express themselves creatively. We wanted to explore what this means for adolescents with disabilities. The purpose of this qualitative case study was to explain what kind of experience they had when digital media was applied as an expressive and therapeutic medium in group art therapy in which adolescents with intellectual disabilities were participants and what kind of therapeutic meaning the experience had. We tried to know the therapeutic factors by extracting the implications of meaning.
Participants were second-year high school students with intellectual disabilities who belonged to special classes. They were selected in an intentional purposive sampling method. Five teenagers with intellectual disabilities participated in 11 group art therapy sessions. Data were collected through interviews, observation, and digital artwork collection. Collected data were case studies analyzed using an inductive approach. In this study, the use of digital media was defined and utilized as "Digital Art Therapy" by setting the scope related to the study according to client's behavioral method.
As a digital generation accustomed to smartphones, the participants gained confidence by repeatedly acquiring new technologies through familiarity with the media. Interaction with the media through touch and the use of apps have promoted autonomy with interest and pleasure to disabled teenagers, allowing them to express themselves actively. In particular, digital art therapy induces a holistic sensory experience by mobilizing visual images that could represent various expressions, emotions felt in music and tactile senses that made texts for people with intellectual disabilities with difficulty in verbal communication.
Art therapy using digital media has become an important experience that provides opportunities to arouse curiosity, enjoy creative activities, and express positive emotions vividly to adolescents with intellectual disabilities who have difficulties with expression and communication and a sense of lethargy. Therefore, it is suggested that an in-depth understanding of the characteristics and differences between traditional and digital media is necessary, and that complementary use to help create therapeutic purposes and art therapy is important.
在艺术治疗中，数字艺术治疗是一种新方法，即客户使用数字媒体进行创造性表达。我们想探究这对残疾青少年意味着什么。本定性案例研究的目的是解释当数字媒体作为一种表达性和治疗性媒介应用于智障青少年参与的团体艺术治疗中时，他们有何种体验，以及这种体验具有何种治疗意义。我们试图通过提取意义的内涵来了解治疗因素。
参与者是就读于特殊班级的高二智障学生。采用立意抽样法进行选取。五名智障青少年参加了11次团体艺术治疗课程。通过访谈、观察和数字艺术作品收集来收集数据。对收集到的数据采用归纳法进行案例研究分析。在本研究中，根据客户的行为方式设定与研究相关的范围，将数字媒体的使用定义并用作“数字艺术治疗”。
作为习惯使用智能手机的数字一代，参与者通过对媒体的熟悉反复获取新技术，从而获得了信心。通过触摸与媒体互动以及应用程序的使用，促进了残疾青少年的自主性，使他们带着兴趣和愉悦积极表达自己。特别是，数字艺术治疗通过调动视觉图像引发整体感官体验，这些视觉图像可以代表各种表达方式、音乐中感受到的情感以及触觉感受，这为言语交流有困难的智障人士提供了文字表达。
使用数字媒体的艺术治疗已成为一项重要体验，为有表达和沟通困难以及倦怠感的智障青少年提供了激发好奇心、享受创造性活动和生动表达积极情绪的机会。因此，建议有必要深入了解传统媒体与数字媒体的特点和差异，并且互补使用以帮助实现治疗目的和艺术治疗很重要。
