Wang Jipeng, Zheng Jianwei, Wang Haiyan, He Haoying, Li Shuang, Zhang Ya, Wang You, Xu Xiaoxiang, Wang Shuyi
Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
Front Neurosci. 2023 May 3;17:1177791. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1177791. eCollection 2023.
Sensorineural hearing loss is typically caused by damage to the cochlear hair cells (HCs) due to external stimuli or because of one's genetic factors and the inability to convert sound mechanical energy into nerve impulses. Adult mammalian cochlear HCs cannot regenerate spontaneously; therefore, this type of deafness is usually considered irreversible. Studies on the developmental mechanisms of HC differentiation have revealed that nonsensory cells in the cochlea acquire the ability to differentiate into HCs after the overexpression of specific genes, such as , which makes HC regeneration possible. Gene therapy, through selection and editing of target genes, transforms exogenous gene fragments into target cells and alters the expression of genes in target cells to activate the corresponding differentiation developmental program in target cells. This review summarizes the genes that have been associated with the growth and development of cochlear HCs in recent years and provides an overview of gene therapy approaches in the field of HC regeneration. It concludes with a discussion of the limitations of the current therapeutic approaches to facilitate the early implementation of this therapy in a clinical setting.
感音神经性听力损失通常是由于外部刺激或个体遗传因素导致耳蜗毛细胞（HCs）受损，以及无法将声音机械能转化为神经冲动所致。成年哺乳动物的耳蜗毛细胞不能自发再生；因此，这种类型的耳聋通常被认为是不可逆的。对毛细胞分化发育机制的研究表明，耳蜗中的非感觉细胞在特定基因（如 ）过表达后获得分化为毛细胞的能力，这使得毛细胞再生成为可能。基因治疗通过对靶基因的选择和编辑，将外源基因片段导入靶细胞并改变靶细胞中基因的表达，以激活靶细胞中相应的分化发育程序。本综述总结了近年来与耳蜗毛细胞生长发育相关的基因，并概述了毛细胞再生领域的基因治疗方法。最后讨论了当前治疗方法的局限性，以促进该疗法在临床环境中的早期应用。
