School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China.
Longhua District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, 518054, China.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2023 Jun;30(30):75235-75246. doi: 10.1007/s11356-023-27753-0. Epub 2023 May 22.
Rises in trace element contents in rice and wheat flour, which are staple foods for almost all the Chinese population, associated with rapid economic development have raised major concerns. This study aimed to assess trace element concentrations in these foods nationwide in China and associated human exposure risks. For these purposes, nine trace elements were measured in 260 rice samples and 181 wheat flour samples with 17 and 12 widely scattered geographical origins in China, respectively. Mean concentrations (mg kg) of the trace elements declined in the following orders: Zn > Cu > Ni > Pb > As > Cr > Cd > Se > Co in rice, and Zn > Cu > Ni > Se > Pb > Cr > Cd > As > Co in wheat flour. Significant regional differences in levels of trace elements in both rice and wheat flour were detected (p < 0.05), which may be related to local economic indicators. The hazard index (HI) of trace elements in rice samples from all origins exceeded 1, mainly due to the contribution of As, suggesting a potential non-carcinogenic risk. The total carcinogenic risk (TCR) for rice and wheat flour of all origins exceeded the safe level.
随着经济的快速发展，中国人几乎所有主食——大米和小麦中的微量元素含量上升，引起了人们的极大关注。本研究旨在评估中国全国范围内这些食物中的微量元素浓度及其相关的人体暴露风险。为此，分别对中国 17 个和 12 个广泛分布的地理起源的 260 个大米样本和 181 个小麦粉样本中的 9 种微量元素进行了测量。大米中微量元素的平均浓度（mg/kg）按以下顺序递减：Zn>Cu>Ni>Pb>As>Cr>Cd>Se>Co，小麦粉中则为 Zn>Cu>Ni>Se>Pb>Cr>Cd>As>Co。大米和小麦粉中的微量元素含量存在显著的地域差异（p<0.05），这可能与当地经济指标有关。来自所有产地的大米样本的微量元素危害指数（HI）超过 1，主要是由于 As 的贡献，表明存在潜在的非致癌风险。所有产地的大米和小麦粉的总致癌风险（TCR）都超过了安全水平。
