Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 11 A Datun Road, Beijing, 100101, China.
Centre for Environment and Population Health, Griffith University, 170 Kessel Road, Nathan, QLD, 4111, Australia.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2019 May;26(14):14073-14086. doi: 10.1007/s11356-019-04606-3. Epub 2019 Mar 9.
The concentration level related to toxicities of trace elements in drinking water, rice, wheat flour, and their associated negative impacts on human health have become an emergent issue in China. Because Xinjiang is the largest province in China with the majority of arable pasture land available for cultivation, it is important to analyze the concentrations of trace elements in relation to their toxicities in water, rice, and wheat flour and to investigate the health risk differences between agricultural and pastoral areas in Bay County, Xinjiang. The study results showed that (1) metal concentrations from drinking water, rice, and wheat flour were within the permissible limits; (2) concentration levels of trace elements and their total risk from drinking water and rice were higher in the agricultural areas than those in the pastoral areas, whereas concentration levels of trace elements and their total risk from wheat flour were higher in the pastoral areas than those in the agricultural areas; (3) the concentration level of the trace elements in rice were higher than in the wheat flour, but the risk from the wheat flour was higher than the risk from rice; (4) total non-cancer risk from the flour (HI) in both areas exceeded the respective safe reference doses; (5) total cancer risk from the wheat flour, rice, and water exceeded the safety limit (1 × 10); (6) for the exposed population, arsenic was suggested as the most evident pollutant leading to carcinogenic concerns regarding the water, rice, and wheat flour; (7) the risk index from the wheat flour made up the highest percentage both in the total cancer risk and the non-cancer risk, followed by rice and then water; and (8) the human health risk was attributed to influence from the local environment in the agriculture areas, while it was attributed to the external environment in the pastoral areas. Graphical abstract.
水中微量元素的毒性浓度以及其对人类健康的负面影响在中国已成为一个亟待解决的问题。由于新疆是中国最大的省份，拥有大量可耕地，因此分析水中、大米和小麦粉中微量元素的浓度及其毒性，以及研究新疆巴音郭楞蒙古自治州农牧区的健康风险差异十分重要。研究结果表明：(1)饮用水、大米和小麦粉中的金属浓度均在允许范围内；(2)农业区水中和大米中微量元素的浓度水平及其总风险高于牧区，而牧区小麦粉中微量元素的浓度水平及其总风险高于农业区；(3)大米中微量元素的浓度高于小麦粉，但小麦粉的风险高于大米；(4)两个地区的面粉（HI）总非癌症风险均超过各自的安全参考剂量；(5)小麦粉、大米和水的总癌症风险超过安全限值(1 × 10)；(6)对于暴露人群，砷被认为是导致水、大米和小麦粉致癌的最明显污染物；(7)面粉的风险指数在总癌症风险和非癌症风险中占比最高，其次是大米，然后是水；(8)人类健康风险归因于农业区的当地环境影响，而牧区的健康风险归因于外部环境影响。图摘要。
