Santos Eunice M C P, Canhestro Ana M G D S, Rosário Jorge M O A, Fonseca César J V, Pinho Lara M G, Arco Helena M S L R
Institute for Research and Advanced Training, University of Évora, 7000-811 Évora, Portugal.
Department of Health, Polytechnic Institute of Beja, 7800-295 Beja, Portugal.
Geriatrics (Basel). 2023 Apr 30;8(3):50. doi: 10.3390/geriatrics8030050.
Population aging will be one of the major social transformations in the coming decades, with a very significant impact in all countries. The consequences of this will cause an overload of social and health services. It will be necessary to prepare for an aging population. The promotion of healthy lifestyles is necessary to increase quality of life and well-being as people age. The aim of this study was to identify and synthesize interventions in middle-aged adults that promote healthy lifestyles and translate this knowledge into health gains. We performed a systematic review of the literature with research on the EBSCO Host-Research Databases platform. The methodology followed the PRISMA guidelines, and the protocol was registered with PROSPERO. A total of 10 articles out of 44 retrieved were included in this review, which identified interventions to promote healthy lifestyles with an impact on well-being, quality of life, and adherence to healthy behaviors. The synthesized evidence supports the efficacy of interventions that contributed to positive changes at the biopsychosocial level. Health promotion interventions were educational or motivational and related to physical exercise, healthy eating, and changes in habits and lifestyles related to harmful behaviors (tobacco use, excess carbohydrates in the diet, physical inactivity, and stress). The health gains found were increased mental health knowledge (self-actualization), adherence to physical exercise, improvement in physical condition, adherence to the consumption of fruits and vegetables, increased quality of life, and well-being. Health promotion interventions in middle-aged adults can significantly improve healthy lifestyles, protecting them from the negative effect of aging. For aging to be a successful experience, continuity of healthy lifestyles practiced in middle age is necessary.
人口老龄化将是未来几十年主要的社会变革之一，对所有国家都有非常重大的影响。其后果将导致社会和卫生服务负担过重。有必要为人口老龄化做好准备。随着人们年龄的增长，推广健康的生活方式对于提高生活质量和幸福感是必要的。本研究的目的是识别和综合针对中年成年人的促进健康生活方式的干预措施，并将这些知识转化为健康收益。我们在EBSCO Host-Research数据库平台上对文献进行了系统综述。该方法遵循PRISMA指南，研究方案已在PROSPERO注册。在检索到的44篇文章中，共有10篇被纳入本综述，该综述确定了促进健康生活方式的干预措施，这些措施对幸福感、生活质量和坚持健康行为有影响。综合证据支持了有助于在生物心理社会层面产生积极变化的干预措施的有效性。健康促进干预措施包括教育或激励性质的，与体育锻炼、健康饮食以及与有害行为（吸烟、饮食中碳水化合物过量、缺乏体育活动和压力）相关的习惯和生活方式的改变有关。发现的健康收益包括心理健康知识（自我实现）的增加、坚持体育锻炼、身体状况的改善、坚持食用水果和蔬菜、生活质量的提高以及幸福感。中年成年人的健康促进干预措施可以显著改善健康的生活方式，保护他们免受衰老的负面影响。为了使老龄化成为一次成功的经历，中年时期坚持健康的生活方式是必要的。
