School of Management, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
School of Public Affairs, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2023 Jun;30(30):75382-75400. doi: 10.1007/s11356-023-27525-w. Epub 2023 May 23.
This study examines the potential of foreign direct investment (FDI) to reduce energy intensity in developing countries between 1996 and 2019. Using a generalized method of moments (GMM) estimator, we investigated the linear and non-linear impact of FDI on energy intensity through the interaction effect of FDI and technological progress (TP). The results reveal that FDI has a positive and significant direct effect on energy intensity, whereas the energy-saving effect is evident through energy-efficient technology transfers. The strength of this effect depends on the level of technological progress in developing countries. The outcomes of the Hausman-Taylor and dynamic panel data estimations corroborated these research findings, and disaggregated data analysis by income groups also provided similar results, signifying the validity of the results. Based on the research findings, policy recommendations are formulated to improve the ability of FDI to reduce energy intensity in developing countries.
本研究考察了 1996 年至 2019 年期间外国直接投资（FDI）降低发展中国家能源强度的潜力。使用广义矩估计法（GMM），我们通过 FDI 和技术进步（TP）的相互作用效应，研究了 FDI 对能源强度的线性和非线性影响。结果表明，FDI 对能源强度具有积极且显著的直接影响，而通过节能技术转让则具有节能效果。这种效果的强度取决于发展中国家技术进步的水平。汉森-泰勒检验和动态面板数据估计的结果证实了这些研究发现，按收入群体进行的分组数据分析也得出了类似的结果，表明结果有效。根据研究结果，制定了政策建议，以提高 FDI 降低发展中国家能源强度的能力。
