Student Research Committee, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, School of Dentistry, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Science, Ahvaz, Iran.
Photobiomodul Photomed Laser Surg. 2023 Jun;41(6):248-264. doi: 10.1089/photob.2023.0030. Epub 2023 May 24.
A comprehensive search in PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar was performed using relevant keywords to structure this narrative review. Only English articles were included and assessed according to titles, abstracts, and full texts. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is applied for targeting pre-malignancy and malignancies in the head and neck, skin, lungs, and gastrointestinal tract and has been greatly promising in reducing disfigurement and morbidity. This method includes a light-sensitive medicine known as a photosensitizer and a light source used through a minimally invasive surgical tool. This study aimed to review the application of PDT in managing head and neck cancers (HNCs) and provide an overview of the most recent advances in PDT and its efficiency in increasing the long-term life quality of patients with HNC. The light source irradiates light at an appropriate wavelength that can be absorbed by the sensitizer and produce cytotoxic free radicals that can kill tumor cells, impair microvasculature in the tumor microenvironment, and stimulate further inflammatory responses of the immune system. Patients with either early lesions or advanced disease conveniently accept to receive PDT in outpatient clinics. Therefore, this simple technique is considered a novel and promising approach that can be used either individually or in association with other methods. However, its application as a management method in oral malignancies has yet to be studied. PDT is also suggested as a promising adjuvant treatment with better functional results. Then, it is possible to conclude that PDT's effectiveness in treating various tumors has been shown to depend on the depth of the lesion location. Its safety is acceptable, but its limited irradiation depth confines its application in the advanced stages of cancer. PDT is critically applicable in the early diagnosed cancers and superficial tumors where many heads and neck lesions settle as an ideal candidate for PDT because of the possibility of accurate evaluation of lesions and providing appropriate irradiation at these sites.
这是一段英文文本，我将对其进行翻译：
全面检索了 PubMed、Scopus 和 Google Scholar，使用相关关键字构建了这篇叙述性综述。仅纳入并评估了英语文章，根据标题、摘要和全文进行评估。光动力疗法 (PDT) 用于靶向头颈部、皮肤、肺部和胃肠道的癌前病变和恶性肿瘤，在减少毁容和发病率方面具有很大的前景。该方法包括一种称为光敏剂的光敏感药物和一种通过微创外科工具使用的光源。本研究旨在综述 PDT 在头颈部癌症 (HNC) 治疗中的应用，并概述 PDT 的最新进展及其提高 HNC 患者长期生活质量的效率。光源以适当的波长照射光，该波长可以被敏化剂吸收，并产生细胞毒性自由基，从而杀死肿瘤细胞，损害肿瘤微环境中的微血管，并刺激免疫系统的进一步炎症反应。早期病变或晚期疾病的患者都方便地在门诊接受 PDT 治疗。因此，这种简单的技术被认为是一种新的有前途的方法，可以单独使用或与其他方法联合使用。然而，其在口腔恶性肿瘤中的应用尚未得到研究。PDT 也被建议作为一种有前途的辅助治疗方法，具有更好的功能结果。因此，可以得出结论， PDT 治疗各种肿瘤的有效性取决于病变位置的深度。其安全性可以接受，但有限的辐照深度限制了其在癌症晚期的应用。 PDT 在早期诊断的癌症和浅表肿瘤中具有重要的应用价值，许多头颈部病变在这些部位可以作为 PDT 的理想候选者，因为可以准确评估病变并在这些部位提供适当的照射。
