College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory for Cell and Gene Engineering of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.
Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, People's Republic of China.
FASEB J. 2023 Jun;37(6):e22951. doi: 10.1096/fj.202201505RRRR.
Teleost fish are indispensable model organisms for comparative immunology research that should lead to an improved understanding of the general principles of vertebrate immune system design. Although numerous studies on fish immunology have been conducted, knowledge about the cell types that orchestrate piscine immune systems remains limited. Here, we generated a comprehensive atlas of immune cell types in zebrafish spleen on the basis of single-cell transcriptome profiling. We identified 11 major categories from splenic leukocyte preparations, including neutrophils, natural killer cells, macrophages/myeloid cells, T cells, B cells, hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells, mast cells, remnants of endothelial cells, erythroid cells, erythroid progenitors, and a new type of serpin-secreting cells. Notably, we derived 54 potential subsets from these 11 categories. These subsets showed differential responses to spring viremia of carp virus (SVCV) infection, implying that they have diverse roles in antiviral immunity. Additionally, we landscaped the populations with the induced expression of interferons and other virus-responsive genes. We found that trained immunity can be effectively induced in the neutrophil and M1-macrophage subsets by vaccinating zebrafish with inactivated SVCV. Our findings illustrated the complexity and heterogeneity of the fish immune system, which will help establish a new paradigm for the improved understanding of fish immunology.
硬骨鱼类是比较免疫学研究中不可或缺的模式生物，这将有助于深入理解脊椎动物免疫系统设计的一般原则。尽管已经进行了许多鱼类免疫学研究，但对于协调鱼类免疫系统的细胞类型的了解仍然有限。在这里，我们基于单细胞转录组分析，生成了斑马鱼脾脏免疫细胞类型的综合图谱。我们从脾脏白细胞制剂中鉴定出 11 种主要类别，包括中性粒细胞、自然杀伤细胞、巨噬细胞/髓样细胞、T 细胞、B 细胞、造血干细胞和祖细胞、肥大细胞、内皮细胞残余物、红细胞、红细胞祖细胞和一种新型丝氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂分泌细胞。值得注意的是，我们从这 11 个类别中推导出了 54 个潜在的亚群。这些亚群对鲤鱼病毒性出血病病毒 (SVCV) 感染的反应不同，这表明它们在抗病毒免疫中具有不同的作用。此外，我们对诱导表达干扰素和其他病毒反应基因的群体进行了描绘。我们发现，通过用灭活的 SVCV 给斑马鱼接种疫苗，可以有效地在中性粒细胞和 M1 巨噬细胞亚群中诱导训练免疫。我们的研究结果说明了鱼类免疫系统的复杂性和异质性，这将有助于建立一个新的范例，以更好地理解鱼类免疫学。
