Department of Allergology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
Front Immunol. 2023 May 9;14:1167562. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1167562. eCollection 2023.
The prevalence of food allergy (FA) is increasing. Decreases in the diversity of gut microbiota may contribute to the pathogenesis of FA by regulating IgE production of B cells. Intermittent fasting (IF) is a popular diet with the potential to regulate glucose metabolism, boosting immune memory and optimizing gut microbiota. The potential effect of long-term IF on the prevention and treatment of FA is still unknown.
Two IF protocols (16 h fasting/8 h feeding and 24 h fasting/24 h feeding) were conducted on mice for 56 days, while the control mice were free to intake food (free diet group, FrD). To construct the FA model, all mice were sensitized and intragastrical challenged with ovalbumin (OVA) during the second half of IF (day 28 to day 56). Rectal temperature reduction and diarrhea were recorded to evaluate the symptoms of FA. Levels of serum IgE, IgG1, Th1/Th2 cytokines, mRNA expression of spleen T cell related transcriptional factors, and cytokines were examined. H&E, immunofluorescence, and toluidine blue staining were used to assess the structural changes of ileum villi. The composition and abundance of gut microbiota were analyzed by 16srRNA sequencing in cecum feces.
The diarrhea score and rectal temperature reduction were lower in the two fasting groups compared to the FrD groups. Fasting was associated with lower levels of serum OVA-sIgE, OVA-sIgG1, interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-5, and mRNA expression of IL-4, IL-5, and IL-10 in the spleen. While no significant association was observed in interferon (IFN)-γ, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, IL-6, IL-2 levels. Less mast cell infiltration in ileum was observed in the 16h/8h fasting group compared to the FrD group. ZO-1 expression in the ileum of the two fasting groups was higher in IF mice. The 24h/24h fasting reshaped the gut microbiota, with a higher abundance of and strains compared to the other groups.
In an OVA-induced mice FA model, long-term IF may attenuate FA by reducing Th2 inflammation, maintaining the integrity of the intestinal epithelial barrier, and preventing gut dysbiosis.
食物过敏（FA）的患病率正在上升。肠道微生物多样性的减少可能通过调节 B 细胞的 IgE 产生而导致 FA 的发病机制。间歇性禁食（IF）是一种流行的饮食方式，具有调节葡萄糖代谢、增强免疫记忆和优化肠道微生物群的潜力。长期 IF 对 FA 的预防和治疗的潜在影响尚不清楚。
对小鼠进行了两种 IF 方案（16 小时禁食/8 小时喂养和 24 小时禁食/24 小时喂养），共 56 天，而对照组小鼠自由进食（自由饮食组，FrD）。在 IF 的后半段（第 28 天至第 56 天），所有小鼠均用卵清蛋白（OVA）致敏和胃内攻毒，构建 FA 模型。记录直肠温度降低和腹泻情况，以评估 FA 的症状。检测血清 IgE、IgG1、Th1/Th2 细胞因子、脾 T 细胞相关转录因子和细胞因子的 mRNA 表达水平。用 H&E、免疫荧光和甲苯胺蓝染色评估回肠绒毛的结构变化。通过 16srRNA 测序分析盲肠粪便中的肠道微生物群落组成和丰度。
与 FrD 组相比，两种禁食组的腹泻评分和直肠温度降低较低。禁食与血清 OVA-sIgE、OVA-sIgG1、白细胞介素（IL）-4 和 IL-5 水平以及脾中 IL-4、IL-5 和 IL-10 的 mRNA 表达降低相关。而干扰素（IFN）-γ、肿瘤坏死因子（TNF）-α、IL-6、IL-2 水平无显著相关性。与 FrD 组相比，16h/8h 禁食组回肠中的肥大细胞浸润较少。IF 小鼠的两种禁食组的回肠 ZO-1 表达较高。24h/24h 禁食重塑了肠道微生物群，与其他组相比， 和 菌株的丰度更高。
在 OVA 诱导的小鼠 FA 模型中，长期 IF 通过减少 Th2 炎症、维持肠道上皮屏障的完整性和防止肠道菌群失调，可能减轻 FA。
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