Benowitz N L, Jacob P, Yu L, Talcott R, Hall S, Jones R T
JAMA. 1986 Jul 11;256(2):241-6.
An unresolved public health issue is whether some modern cigarettes are less hazardous than others and whether patients who cannot stop smoking should be advised to switch to lower-yield cigarettes. We studied "tar" (estimated by urine mutagenicity), nicotine, and carbon monoxide exposure in habitual smokers switched from their usual brand to high- (15 mg of tar), low- (5 mg of tar), or ultralow-yield (1 mg of tar) cigarettes. There were no differences in exposure comparing high- or low-yield cigarettes, but tar and nicotine exposures were reduced by 49% and 56%, respectively, and carbon monoxide exposure by 36% while smoking ultralow-yield cigarettes. Similarly, in 248 subjects smoking their self-selected brand, nicotine intake, estimated by blood concentrations of its metabolite cotinine, was 40% lower in those who smoked ultralow but no different in those smoking higher yields of cigarettes. Our data indicate that ultralow-yield cigarettes do deliver substantial doses of tar, nicotine, and carbon monoxide, but that exposures are considerably less than for other cigarettes.
一个尚未解决的公共卫生问题是，某些现代香烟的危害是否比其他香烟小，以及是否应该建议无法戒烟的患者改吸低焦油含量香烟。我们研究了习惯性吸烟者从常用品牌换成高焦油含量（15毫克焦油）、低焦油含量（5毫克焦油）或超低焦油含量（1毫克焦油）香烟后的“焦油”（通过尿液致突变性估算）、尼古丁和一氧化碳暴露情况。高焦油含量香烟和低焦油含量香烟的暴露情况没有差异，但吸超低焦油含量香烟时，焦油和尼古丁暴露分别减少了49%和56%，一氧化碳暴露减少了36%。同样，在248名吸自选品牌香烟的受试者中，根据其代谢物可替宁的血液浓度估算，吸超低焦油含量香烟者的尼古丁摄入量低40%，但吸高焦油含量香烟者的尼古丁摄入量没有差异。我们的数据表明，超低焦油含量香烟确实会释放大量的焦油、尼古丁和一氧化碳，但暴露量比其他香烟要少得多。
