Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, LSHTM, Keppel Street, London, WC1E 7HT, UK.
MRC International Statistics & Epidemiology Group, Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, LSHTM, Keppel Street, London, WC1E 7HT, UK.
BMC Public Health. 2023 May 26;23(1):965. doi: 10.1186/s12889-023-15785-7.
Intimate partner violence (IPV) may have been exacerbated during the COVID-19 pandemic. This analysis aimed to determine how employment disruption during COVID-19, including working from home, was associated with IPV experience among cis-gendered women.
The International Sexual Health and Reproductive health (I-SHARE) study is a cross-sectional online survey implemented in 30 countries during the pandemic. Samples used convenience, online panel, and population-representative methods. IPV was a pre-specified primary outcome, measured using questions from a validated World Health Organisation instrument. Conditional logistic regression modelling was used to quantify the associations between IPV and changes to employment during COVID-19, adjusted for confounding.
13,416 cis-gender women, aged 18-97, were analysed. One third were from low and middle income countries, and two thirds from high income countries. The majority were heterosexual (82.7%), educated beyond secondary-level (72.4%) and childless (62.7%). During COVID-19 33.9% women worked from home, 14.6% lost employment, and 33.1% continued to work on-site. 15.5% experienced some form of IPV. Women working from home experienced greater odds of IPV than those working on-site (adjusted OR 1.40, 95% CI 1.12-1.74, p = 0.003). This finding was robust independent of sampling strategy and country income. The association was primarily driven by an increase in psychological violence, which was more prevalent than sexual or physical violence. The association was stronger in countries with high gender inequality.
Working from home may increase IPV risk globally. Workplaces offering working from home should collaborate with support services and research interventions to strengthen resiliency against IPV.
亲密伴侣暴力（IPV）在 COVID-19 大流行期间可能加剧。本分析旨在确定 COVID-19 期间的就业中断，包括在家工作，如何与顺性别女性的 IPV 经历相关。
国际性健康和生殖健康（I-SHARE）研究是一项在大流行期间在 30 个国家实施的横断面在线调查。样本使用便利、在线小组和代表性人群方法。IPV 是一个预先指定的主要结果，使用来自世界卫生组织验证工具的问题进行测量。使用条件逻辑回归模型来量化 COVID-19 期间就业变化与 IPV 之间的关联，同时调整混杂因素。
分析了 13416 名顺性别女性，年龄在 18-97 岁之间。三分之一来自中低收入国家，三分之二来自高收入国家。大多数是异性恋（82.7%）、受过中学以上教育（72.4%）和没有孩子（62.7%）。在 COVID-19 期间，33.9%的女性在家工作，14.6%失业，33.1%继续现场工作。15.5%经历过某种形式的 IPV。在家工作的女性比现场工作的女性更有可能经历 IPV（调整后的 OR 1.40，95%CI 1.12-1.74，p=0.003）。这一发现独立于抽样策略和国家收入具有稳健性。这种关联主要是由于心理暴力的增加，这种暴力比性暴力或身体暴力更为普遍。在性别不平等程度较高的国家，这种关联更强。
全球范围内，在家工作可能会增加 IPV 的风险。提供在家工作的工作场所应与支持服务和研究干预措施合作，加强对 IPV 的抵御能力。
