Hajek André, König Hans-Helmut, Blessmann Marco, Grupp Katharina
Department of Health Economics and Health Services Research, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg Center for Health Economics, 20246 Hamburg, Germany.
Division of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany.
Healthcare (Basel). 2023 May 22;11(10):1517. doi: 10.3390/healthcare11101517.
Here, we report the prevalence of loneliness and social isolation and investigate the levels of loneliness and social isolation among transgender and gender diverse people using cross-sectional data from the HH-TPCHIGV study. Using the De Jong Gierveld tool, we assess loneliness, using the Bude and Lantermann tool, we assess perceived social isolation and using the Lubben Social Network Scale, we assess objective social isolation. The prevalence rate of loneliness was 83.3% (perceived social isolation: 77.7%; objective social isolation: 34.4%). Regressions revealed that favorable outcomes (i.e., lower loneliness levels, lower perceived social isolation, and lower objective social isolation) were consistently associated with higher school education. Beyond that, we identify an association between particularly poor health-related factors and higher loneliness and objective social isolation levels. We also report that unemployment was significantly associated with higher levels of perceived social isolation. In conclusion, we show high prevalence rates of loneliness and social isolation among transgender and gender diverse people. Additionally, important correlates (e.g., education, health-related factors, or unemployment) were identified. Such knowledge may provide help to address transgender and gender diverse people at risk for loneliness and social isolation.
在此，我们报告孤独感和社会隔离的患病率，并利用HH-TPCHIGV研究的横断面数据，调查跨性别者和性别多样化人群的孤独感和社会隔离程度。我们使用德容·吉尔维尔德工具评估孤独感，使用布德和兰特曼工具评估感知到的社会隔离，使用卢本社会网络量表评估客观社会隔离。孤独感的患病率为83.3%（感知到的社会隔离：77.7%；客观社会隔离：34.4%）。回归分析显示，良好的结果（即较低的孤独感水平、较低的感知到的社会隔离和较低的客观社会隔离）始终与较高的受教育程度相关。除此之外，我们发现特别差的健康相关因素与较高的孤独感和客观社会隔离水平之间存在关联。我们还报告称，失业与较高的感知到的社会隔离水平显著相关。总之，我们表明跨性别者和性别多样化人群中孤独感和社会隔离的患病率很高。此外，还确定了重要的相关因素（如教育、健康相关因素或失业）。这些知识可能有助于应对有孤独感和社会隔离风险的跨性别者和性别多样化人群。
