Prandi Francesca Romana, Lerakis Stamatios, Belli Martina, Illuminato Federica, Margonato Davide, Barone Lucy, Muscoli Saverio, Chiocchi Marcello, Laudazi Mario, Marchei Massimo, Di Luozzo Marco, Kini Annapoorna, Romeo Francesco, Barillà Francesco
Division of Cardiology, Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University, 00133 Rome, Italy.
Department of Cardiology, Mount Sinai Hospital, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.
J Clin Med. 2023 May 10;12(10):3384. doi: 10.3390/jcm12103384.
Severe tricuspid valve (TV) regurgitation (TR) has been associated with adverse long-term outcomes in several natural history studies, but isolated TV surgery presents high mortality and morbidity rates. Transcatheter tricuspid valve interventions (TTVI) therefore represent a promising field and may currently be considered in patients with severe secondary TR that have a prohibitive surgical risk. Tricuspid transcatheter edge-to-edge repair (T-TEER) represents one of the most frequently used TTVI options. Accurate imaging of the tricuspid valve (TV) apparatus is crucial for T-TEER preprocedural planning, in order to select the right candidates, and is also fundamental for intraprocedural guidance and post-procedural follow-up. Although transesophageal echocardiography represents the main imaging modality, we describe the utility and additional value of other imaging modalities such as cardiac CT and MRI, intracardiac echocardiography, fluoroscopy, and fusion imaging to assist T-TEER. Developments in the field of 3D printing, computational models, and artificial intelligence hold great promise in improving the assessment and management of patients with valvular heart disease.
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