Keathley Justine, White Jessica, Reid Gregor
Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada.
Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Brescia College, 1285 Western Road, London, ON N6G 1H2, Canada.
Life (Basel). 2023 May 2;13(5):1124. doi: 10.3390/life13051124.
The recognition that microbes are integral to human life has led to studies on how to manipulate them in favor of health outcomes. To date, there has been no conjoint recommendation for the intake of dietary compounds that can complement the ingested organisms in terms of promoting an improved health outcome. The aim of this review is to discuss how beneficial microbes in the form of probiotics, fermented foods, and donor feces are being used to manage health. In addition, we explore the rationale for selecting beneficial microbial strains and aligning diets to accommodate their propagation in the gut. A pilot clinical trial design is presented to examine the effects of probiotics and exercise in patients with phenylketonuria (PKU); it is the most common inborn error of amino acid metabolism, and it is a complication that requires lifelong dietary intervention. The example design is provided to illustrate the importance of using omics technology to see if the intervention elevates neuroactive biogenic amines in the plasma; increases the abundance of , or ; and increases in the gut, all as markers of improved health. By emphasizing the combined importance of diet, microbial supplements, and the gut microbiome, we hope that future studies will better align these components, not only to improve outcomes, but also to enhance our understanding of the mechanisms.
认识到微生物是人类生活不可或缺的一部分，引发了关于如何对其进行调控以促进健康的研究。迄今为止，对于摄入何种膳食化合物能够在促进健康改善方面补充摄入的微生物，尚无联合推荐。本综述的目的是讨论益生菌、发酵食品和供体粪便等有益微生物形式如何用于管理健康。此外，我们探讨了选择有益微生物菌株以及调整饮食以适应其在肠道内繁殖的基本原理。本文提出了一项初步临床试验设计，以研究益生菌和运动对苯丙酮尿症（PKU）患者的影响；苯丙酮尿症是最常见的氨基酸代谢先天性疾病，是一种需要终身饮食干预的并发症。提供该示例设计是为了说明使用组学技术来观察干预措施是否能提高血浆中神经活性生物胺水平、增加特定物质的丰度以及增加肠道中某物质水平的重要性，所有这些都作为健康改善的指标。通过强调饮食、微生物补充剂和肠道微生物群的综合重要性，我们希望未来的研究能更好地协调这些组成部分，不仅改善结果，还能增进我们对相关机制的理解。
