Hintikka Jukka E, Munukka Eveliina, Valtonen Maarit, Luoto Raakel, Ihalainen Johanna K, Kallonen Teemu, Waris Matti, Heinonen Olli J, Ruuskanen Olli, Pekkala Satu
Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyvaskyla, 40014 Jyväskylä, Finland.
Turku Microbiome Biobank, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, 20500 Turku, Finland.
Metabolites. 2022 Apr 7;12(4):335. doi: 10.3390/metabo12040335.
Exercise has been shown to affect gut the microbiome and metabolic health, with athletes typically displaying a higher microbial diversity. However, research on the gut microbiota and systemic metabolism in elite athletes remains scarce. In this study, we compared the gut microbiota profiles and serum metabolome of national team cross-country skiers at the end of an exhausting training and competitive season to those of normally physically-active controls. The gut microbiota were analyzed using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing. Serum metabolites were analyzed using nuclear magnetic resonance. Phylogenetic diversity and the abundance of several mucin-degrading gut microbial taxa, including Akkermansia, were lower in the athletes. The athletes had a healthier serum lipid profile than the controls, which was only partly explained by body mass index. Butyricicoccus associated positively with HDL cholesterol, HDL2 cholesterol and HDL particle size. The Ruminococcus torques group was less abundant in the athlete group and positively associated with total cholesterol and VLDL and LDL particles. We found the healthier lipid profile of elite athletes to co-occur with known health-beneficial gut microbes. Further studies should elucidate these links and whether athletes are prone to mucin depletion related microbial changes during the competitive season.
运动已被证明会影响肠道微生物群和代谢健康，运动员通常表现出更高的微生物多样性。然而，关于精英运动员肠道微生物群和全身代谢的研究仍然很少。在本研究中，我们将国家队越野滑雪运动员在高强度训练和比赛赛季结束时的肠道微生物群谱和血清代谢组与正常体育活动对照组进行了比较。使用16S rRNA扩增子测序分析肠道微生物群。使用核磁共振分析血清代谢物。运动员体内的系统发生多样性以及包括阿克曼氏菌在内的几种降解粘蛋白的肠道微生物类群的丰度较低。与对照组相比，运动员的血清脂质谱更健康，这仅部分由体重指数解释。丁酸球菌与高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、高密度脂蛋白2胆固醇和高密度脂蛋白颗粒大小呈正相关。运动员组中扭链瘤胃球菌群的丰度较低，且与总胆固醇、极低密度脂蛋白和低密度脂蛋白颗粒呈正相关。我们发现精英运动员更健康的脂质谱与已知有益健康的肠道微生物同时出现。进一步的研究应阐明这些联系，以及运动员在比赛赛季是否容易出现与粘蛋白消耗相关的微生物变化。
